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| 5167844908 | Paleolithic Age | The old stone age, ending in 12,000 BCE. Used crude stone tools. Hunting and gathering. | 0 | |
| 5167844909 | Homo Sapiens Sapiens | Humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period. | 1 | |
| 5167844910 | Neolithic Age | New stone age, between 8000 and 5000 BCE. Adaptation of sedentary agriculture. Domestication of plants and animals. | 2 | |
| 5167844911 | Hunting and Gathering | Original human economy, eclipsed by agriculture. Groups hunt for meat and forage for grains, nuts, and berries. | 3 | |
| 5167844912 | Bronze Age | From about 4000 BCE when bronze tools were first introduced in Middle East to 1500 BCE when iron began replacing it. | 4 | |
| 5167844913 | Nomads | Cattle and sheep herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies. "Barbarians". | 5 | |
| 5167844914 | Civilization | Societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of non-farming elites and merchants and manufacturing groups. | 6 | |
| 5167844915 | Mesopotamia | "Between the rivers" The civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys. | 7 | |
| 5167844916 | Sumerians | People who migrated into Mesopotamia c.400 BCE. Created first civilization within region, organized area into city-states. | 8 | |
| 5167844917 | Cuneiform | A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets. | 9 | |
| 5167844918 | Ziggurats | Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes. | 10 | |
| 5167844919 | City-State | A Political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations. Agricultural hinterlands ruled by urban based king. | 11 | |
| 5167844920 | Babylonians | Unified all of Mesopotamia c.1800 BCE. Empire collapsed due to foreign invasion c.1600 BCE | 12 | |
| 5167844921 | Hammurabi | Most important ruler of Babylonian empire, responsible for codification of law. | 13 | |
| 5167844922 | Pharaoh | Title kings-of-ancient-egypt. | 14 | |
| 5167844923 | Pyramids | Monumental architecture typical of old kingdom Egypt. Burial site of Pharaohs. | 15 | |
| 5167844924 | Kush | African state along upper Nile c.1000 BCE. Conquered Egypt and ruled for several centuries. | 16 | |
| 5167844925 | Indus River | River souces in Himalayas to mouth of Arabian Sea. Location of the Harappan civilization. | 17 | |
| 5167844926 | Harappa | Major urban complex of Harappan civilization, laid out on a planned grid pattern. | 18 | |
| 5167844927 | Aryans | Indo-European nomatic pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization militarized society. | 19 | |
| 5167844928 | Vedas | Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from 6th century BCE. | 20 | |
| 5167844929 | Upanishads | Later books of Vedas. Contained sophisticated philosophical ideas used by Brahmans to restore religious authority. | 21 | |
| 5167844930 | Yellow River | (Huanghe River) Site of development of agriculture in China. | 22 | |
| 5167844931 | Shang | First Chinese dynasty that has archaeological evidence. Capital located in Ordos. 1600-1046 BCE | 23 | |
| 5167844932 | Olmecs | People of cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and Laventa Mexico. 1200 BCE-irrigated agriculture, urbanize elaborate religion, beginnings of calendar and writing systems. | 24 | |
| 5167844933 | Chavin de Huantar | Culture appeared in the highlands of Andes between 1800 BCE and 1200 BCE. Ceremonial centers with large stone buildings. | 25 | |
| 5167844934 | Phoenicians | Shores of eastern Mediterranean, established colonies throughout Mediterranean. | 26 | |
| 5167844935 | Monotheism | Worship of a single god. Introduces by Jews into western civilization. | 27 | |
| 5167844936 | Shi Huangdi | Founder of Qin dynasty 221 BCE. | 28 | |
| 5167844937 | Qin | Dynasty formed 221 BCE at the end of Warring States period, followed decline of Zhou dynasty. | 29 | |
| 5167844938 | Han | Chinese dynasty that succeeded Qin in 202 BCE, ruled for 400 years. | 30 | |
| 5167844939 | Zhou | Overthrew the Shang and established second historical Chinese dynasty 1122-256 BCE | 31 | |
| 5167844940 | Great Wall | Defensive wall intended to keep out nomadic invaders from the north. Initiated during Qin dynasty and reign of Shitluangdi. | 32 | |
| 5167844941 | Confucius | (Kong Fuzi) Major Chinese philosopher. 6th century author of Analects-need to restore order by advice of superior men in Shi. | 33 | |
| 5167844942 | Alexander the Great | Successor of Philip II. Conquered Persian empire 323 BCE, attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures. | 34 | |
| 5167844943 | Himalayas | Mountain region marking northern border of Indian subcontinent, site of Aryan settlements. | 35 | |
| 5167844944 | Monsoons | Seasonal winds crossing Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia. Brings rain in the summer. | 36 | |
| 5167844945 | Sanskrit | Sacred and classical Indian language. | 37 | |
| 5167844946 | Varnas | Clusters of caste groups in Aryan society. Four castes, Brahmans, warriors, merchants, peasants. | 38 | |
| 5167844947 | Indra | Chief deity of Aryans. Colossal, hard-drinking warrior. | 39 | |
| 5167844948 | Chandragupta Maurya | Founder of Maurya dynasty, first empire in Indian subcontinent. First centralized government since Harappan. | 40 | |
| 5167844949 | Mauryan | Dynasty in Indian subcontinent during 4th century BCE, following invasion by Alexander the Great. | 41 | |
| 5167844950 | Ashoka | Grandson of Chandragupta Maurya. Converted to Buddhism and sponsored the spread of new religion. | 42 | |
| 5167844951 | Dharma | Caste position and career determined by birth. Hindu culture to accept social position and do the best they can in order to have a better situation in the next life. | 43 | |
| 5167844952 | Gupta | Dynasty that succeeded Kushans in 3rd century BCE. Empire extended to all but southern regions of Indian subcontinent. | 44 | |
| 5167844953 | Vishnu | Form of Brahman, later Hindu, god of sacrifice. | 45 | |
| 5167844954 | Shiva | Hindu god of destruction and reproduction. Worshiped as personification of cosmic force of change. | 46 | |
| 5167844955 | Reincarnation | Attachment of the soul to some animate form according to merits in previous lives. | 47 | |
| 5167844956 | Nirvana | State of tranquility. Buddhist state of enlightenment. | 48 | |
| 5167844957 | Scholar Gentry | Chinese class created by marital linkage of local land-holding aristocracy. | 49 | |
| 5167844958 | Cyrus The Great | Established massive Persian empire by 550 BCE. Successor to Mesopotamian empire. | 50 | |
| 5167844959 | Zoroastrianism | Animalist religion that saw material existence as a battle between good and evil. | 51 | |
| 5167844960 | Pericles | Athenian political leader during 5th century BCE. Guided development of Athenian empire. Died during the Peloponnesian War. | 52 | |
| 5167844961 | Peloponnesian Wars | Wars from 431-404 BCE between Athens and Sparta for dominance in Southern Greece. Spartan victory but no unification of Greece. | 53 | |
| 5167844962 | Philip of Macedonia | Ruled Macedonia from 359-336 BCE. Founder of centralized kingdom. Later conquered the rest of Greece. Son is Alexander the Great. | 54 | |
| 5167844963 | Hellenistic | Culture associated with spread of Greek influence. Seen as combination of Greek culture with eastern political forms. | 55 | |
| 5167844964 | Roman Republic | The balanced government of Rome c.510-47 BCE. Had an Aristocratic Senate. | 56 | |
| 5167844965 | Punic Wars | Between Rome and Carthage to establish dominance in western Mediterranean. Won by Rome. | 57 | |
| 5167844966 | Carthage | Originally a colony in northern Africa. Became major port in western Mediterranean. | 58 | |
| 5167844967 | Julius Caesar | Roman general responsible for Conquest of Gaul. Brought army back to Rome and overthrew republic. Assassinated in 44BCE. | 59 | |
| 5167844968 | Augustus Caesar | Name given to Octavian following defeat of Mark Anthony/Cleopatra. | 60 | |
| 5167844969 | Constantine | Roman emperor from 312-337 CE. Established capital at Constantinople. Attempted religious force of Christianity. | 61 | |
| 5167844970 | Polis | City-State form of government. Typical Greek political organization from 800-400 BCE. | 62 | |
| 5167844971 | Direct Democracy | People participate directly in assemblies that make laws and select leaders, rather than electing representatives. | 63 | |
| 5167844972 | Senate | Assembly of Roman aristocrats. | 64 | |
| 5167844973 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher. Teacher of Alexander the Great. | 65 | |
| 5167844974 | Storcs | Hellenistic group of philosophers, strict discipline of body and personal bravery. | 66 | |
| 5167844975 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher of later 5th century. Tutor of Plato. | 67 | |
| 5167844976 | Animism | The attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomenon | 68 | |
| 5167844977 | Polytheism | Belief in many gods | 69 | |
| 5167844978 | Bureaucrats | An official in a government department, in particular as being concerned with procedural correctness at the expense of people's needs | 70 | |
| 5167844979 | Aristocracy | The highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles | 71 | |
| 5167844980 | Brahmans | Highest member of the Hindu Caste system | 72 | |
| 5167844981 | Kshatriyas | The warrior or ruler class of the caste system | 73 | |
| 5167844982 | Vaiyshas | Another class in the caste system made up of commoners | 74 | |
| 5167844983 | Sudras | Lowest ranking class (above the untouchables) | 75 | |
| 5167844984 | Untouchables | Lowest class in the caste system (Wasn't even considered a class) | 76 | |
| 5167844985 | Bantus | People of the Niger-Congo who migrated throughout southern Africa. Spoke Bantu | 77 | |
| 5167844986 | The analects | A record of the words and teaching of Confucius | 78 | |
| 5167844987 | The Torah | Judaic religious text | 79 | |
| 5167844988 | The Silk Road | An ancient silk trade route | 80 |
