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| 11413853853 | Age of Warring States | Many philosophies came from this period in China (403-221 BC) | 0 | |
| 11413853854 | Legalism | Preceded Qin Dynasty; made during the warring states when China was in turmoil to bring back unity; pessimistic view of human nature; rules, laws, rewards, punishments | 1 | |
| 11413853855 | Han Fei | Believed the only way to restore unity was through harsh punishments, strict rules, and rewards | 2 | |
| 11413853856 | Government had the only power to keep people in line | What did Legalism believe about government? | 3 | |
| 11413853857 | Qin Shihuangdi | Brutal ruler who adopted Legalism because Han Fei didn't live to see it | 4 | |
| 11413853858 | It was discredited | What happened to Legalism after Qin Shihuangdi's death? | 5 | |
| 11413853859 | Confucius | (551-479 BC); most famous philosopher in Chinese history, lived in the same era of the warring states, not a fan of harsh laws | 6 | |
| 11413853860 | Analects | Collection of Confucius' ideas written by his students | 7 | |
| 11413853861 | Social harmony through moral example of superiors | Goal of Confucius | 8 | |
| 11413853862 | Unequal relationships | What did Confucius think society should be built on? | 9 | |
| 11413853863 | Age and gender (old and male) | Who did Confucius think had seniority? | 10 | |
| 11413853864 | Shame | If you do something wrong but don't get caught, you should feel immense _______ | 11 | |
| 11413853865 | Ren | Virtue of the superior man; key to tranquil society; human heartedness (compassionate), goodness, and nobility of heart were defining virtues | 12 | |
| 11413853866 | Education | How do you get Ren? | 13 | |
| 11413853867 | Personal reflection and commitment to improve moral behavior | According to Confucius, what was the most important superior form of academics | 14 | |
| 11413853868 | Liberal arts (humanities, ethics) could help you gain proper behavior through logic, Rituals and ceremonies (taking part in community events) | According to Confucius, how could you be educated? | 15 | |
| 11413853869 | Family | According to Confucius, what was a model for political life | 16 | |
| 11413853870 | Filial Piety | Honoring ancestors and parents/grand-parents; look at them as guides; honor the emperor like an older family member; rigidly patriarchal | 17 | |
| 11413853871 | Heaven=male, creative powerful; Earth=female, receptive | How was the patriarchal structure reflected in the universe | 18 | |
| 11413853872 | Ideal society in the past "Golden Age" | How did Confucius view history? | 19 | |
| 11413853873 | "Superior man" | Superiority based on morals, not wealth or class; anti-aristocratic and kind of democratic; what matters is what's on the inside | 20 | |
| 11413853874 | Low taxes, limited government, provide for welfare of people | Confucius' guides for good government | 21 | |
| 11413853875 | Confucianism | Secular and non-religious philosophy based on getting along with others and being morally good because it's right, official state religion of Han Dynasty | 22 | |
| 11413853876 | Laozi | wrote the Daodejing (The Way and Its Power) | 23 | |
| 11413853877 | The Dao | Means "The Way", there is a correct way of doing things, law of nature, live your life by following the law of nature- the way the whole word works, be what you are, the principle that underlies all natural phenomena, withdrawal from politics and social activism, go with the flow and simply be | 24 | |
| 11413853878 | Simplicity, spontaneity, abandonment of education and self-improvement | What is the way of nature? | 25 | |
| 11413853879 | Experiment life | What is "real" education according to Daoism? | 26 | |
| 11413853880 | Complimentary roles for sexes, deemphasized gender hierarchy, family life was central | How did Daoism view family and gender? | 27 | |
| 11413853881 | Yin Yang | Positive and negative forces in the universe interact and you can't have one without the other, there is good in the bad and bad in the good | 28 | |
| 11413853882 | The vedas | Widely recognized sacred text of Hinduism; collection of poems, hymns, prayers, and rituals; transmitted orally but written in Sanskrit in 600 BC; tell of small competing chiefdoms, gods, sacred sounds and fires; patriarchal society; described ritual sacrifices that Brahmin priest performed | 29 | |
| 11413853883 | Sanskrit | Special religious writing for Hinduism | 30 | |
| 11413853884 | The Upanishads | Another Boyd of sacred text, composed largely by anonymous thinkers, musical and highly philosophical worlds that sought to probe the inner meaning of the sacrifices prescribed in the Vedas | 31 | |
| 11413853885 | Brahman | The World Soul, the final and ultimate reality, primal unitary energy or divine reality infusing all things, universal spirit in everything an everything is part of it | 32 | |
| 11413853886 | Atman | The individual human soul, a part of bigger Brahman | 33 | |
| 11413853887 | Moksha | Liberation, an end to our illusory perception of separate existence, brought an end to the painful cycle of rebirth, effort to achieve the final goal of mankind- union with Brahman | 34 | |
| 11413853888 | Samsara | rebirth/reincarnation, became a central feature of Hindu thinking | 35 | |
| 11413853889 | Karma | Humans souls migrated from body to body over many lifetimes, you create your own fate by the way you live, justifies the caste system | 36 | |
| 11413853890 | Dharma | Your duty, your role in life | 37 | |
| 11413853891 | The Laws of Manu | Described a divinely ordained social order and articulated a gender system whose ideals endured for a millennium or more; taught that all embryos were basically male and that only weak semen generated females; advocated child marriage for girls; a virtuous wife should serve er husband like a god and never remarry | 38 | |
| 11413853892 | Siddhartha Guatama | Founder of Buddhism; prince form a small North Indian village; sheltered youth shocked him when he witnessed sickness, pain, and death; left everything for a spiritual quest to achieve "enlightenment" | 39 | |
| 11413853893 | Life is suffering, suffering is caused by selfish desires, to end selfish desires don't want anything, follow the middle way of moderation | Main teaching of Buddha | 40 | |
| 11413853894 | Nirvana | State of mind of complete peace and calm when you've ended suffering | 41 | |
| 11413853895 | Ordinary life is an illusion, karma, rebirth, meditation, hope for release from cycle of rebirth | What beliefs did Hinduism and Buddhism have in common? | 42 | |
| 11413853896 | Hinduism- religious authority of Brahmin; Buddhism- ridiculed rituals and sacrifices as irrelevant to the hard work of dealing with suffering, wasn't interested in the abstract ideas about creation or god | What differed between Hinduism and Buddhism? | 43 | |
| 11413853897 | "Awakening" was available to all regardless of caste or gender | Gender roles in Buddhism | 44 | |
| 11413853898 | Egalitarian message appealed to lower class, availability of local language Pali, established monasteries and stupas | Appeal of Buddhism | 45 | |
| 11413853899 | Theravada | portrayed the Buddha as an immensely wise teacher and model, not divine; more psychological than religious; a set of practices rather than beliefs; Buddhism as Buddha taught it | 46 | |
| 11413853900 | Mahayana | takes Buddhism and makes it more of a traditional religion, portrayed Buddha as a God | 47 | |
| 11413853901 | Mahabharata | Epic poems that expressed a new kind of popular Hinduism | 48 | |
| 11413853902 | Ramayana | Epic poems that expressed the revived Hinduism that indicated more clearly that action in the world and detached performance of caste duties might also provide a path to liberation | 49 | |
| 11413853903 | Bhagavad Gita | Beloved Hindu text where the troubled warrior- hero Arjuna is in anguish over the necessity of killing his kinsmen as a decisive battle approaches; assumed by his charioteer Lord Krishna, incarnation of god Vishnu, that performing his duty as a warrior and doing so selflessly is an act of devotion | 50 | |
| 11413853904 | Bhakti | Worship; movement involving intense adoration of and identification with a particular deity through songs, prayers, or rituals | 51 | |
| 11413853905 | Vishnu | In Hinduism, the Preserver and protector of creation associated with goodness and mercy | 52 | |
| 11413853906 | Shiva | Destroyer, representing the divine in destructive aspect | 53 | |
| 11413853907 | Brahma | The Creator god of Hinduism | 54 | |
| 11428818359 | Monotheism | The idea of a single supreme deity, the sole source of all life and being | 55 | |
| 11428818360 | Persia | Where did Zoroastrianism originate? | 56 | |
| 11428818361 | Zarathustra | Persian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism | 57 | |
| 11428818362 | Ahura Mazda | Single unique god who ruled the world and was the source of all truth, light, and goodness in Zoroastrianism | 58 | |
| 11428818363 | Angra Mainyu | In Zoroastrianism, the evil god, engaged in a cosmic struggle with Ahura Mazda; lord of darkness and lies | 59 | |
| 11428818364 | Day of judgement | In Zoroastrianism, those who had aligned with Ahura Mazda would be grated new resurrected bodies and rewarded eternal life in Paradise, those who sided with evil were condemned to everlasting punishment | 60 | |
| 11428818365 | Zoroastrianism | Placed great emphasis on the free will of humankind and the necessity for each individual to choose between good and evil | 61 | |
| 11428818366 | Temples plundered, priests slaughtered, declined disastrously | What were the effects of Alexander's conquests and the Hellenistic Seleucid on Zoroastrianism? | 62 | |
| 11428818367 | Arrival of Islam and the Arab empire | What led to the final decline of Zoroastrianism in Persia? | 63 | |
| 11428818368 | Parsis | communities of Zoroastrians in India that have continued their faith to the present | 64 | |
| 11428818369 | Conflict of God and an evil counterpart, last judgement, resurrected bodies, final defeat of evil, arrival of a savior, remaking of the world at the end of time, Heaven and Hell | What aspects of Zoroastrianism became incorporated into other religions? | 65 | |
| 11428818370 | Middle East, migrated from Mesopotamia to Canaan under Abraham | What were the origins of the Hebrew people? | 66 | |
| 11428818371 | Conquered by Assyrians in 722 BC and deported, conquered by Babylonians in 586 BC and deported | What hardships did the Hebrews experience at the hands of more powerful peoples? | 67 | |
| 11428818372 | Yahweh | Hebrew name for God | 68 | |
| 11428818373 | War to social justice and compassion | Yahweh transformed from a god of what to what? | 69 | |
| 11428818374 | His covenant/ Ten Commandments | What was unique about the Hebrew god? | 70 | |
| 11428818375 | Philosophy | love of wisdom, looks at how the natural world works in a rational not theological way, science branches off of it | 71 | |
| 11428818376 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher who loved to question people, especially his students; didn't write anything; challenged conventional ideas about the importance of wealth and power, urging stead the pursuit of wisdom and virtue; criticized Athenian democracy; sentenced to death; wisdom is realizing that you know nothing; "unexamined life is not worth living" | 72 | |
| 11429921371 | Thales | Drew on Babylonian astronomy to predict an eclipse of the sun; the universe was made of one basic substance- water | 73 | |
| 11429921372 | Empedocles | The Earth was made of four elements- water, earth, air, and fire | 74 | |
| 11429921373 | Democritus | Suggested that atoms, tiny "uncuttable particles, collided in various configurations to form visible matter; developed original atomic theory | 75 | |
| 11429921374 | Pythagoras | Numbers were the basic reality behind everything, developed theorem for the lengths of triangle sides | 76 | |
| 11429921375 | Hippocrates | Father of medicine; the body was made of four "fluids", and when they were out of line people got sick; traced the origins of epilepsy to heredity | 77 | |
| 11429921376 | Herodotus | Father of history; wrote about the Greco-Persian wars; assumed human reasons lay behind conflict rather than the whims of the gods | 78 | |
| 11429921377 | Euclid | Father of geometry; put together a logical book of definitions for math | 79 | |
| 11429921378 | Archimedes | Came up with pi, the displacement of water by volume principle, the principle of levers and pulleys, and he was a pioneer of math and physics | 80 | |
| 11429921379 | Plato | Student of Socrates and a teacher of Alexander the Great; cataloged the constitutions of the 158 Greek city-states; identified hundreds of species of animals; one of the founding fathers of biology; argued that virtue was a product of rational training and cultivated habit and could be learned; urged for a mixed government system combining monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy; goal of life was happiness, which could be achieved through moderation | 81 | |
| 11429921380 | Philosophy could be a threat | What did Socrates' death show? | 82 | |
| 11429921381 | Argued that the Good News of Jesus was for everyone | How did St. Paul help spread Christianity? | 83 | |
| 11429921382 | Epistles | Another name for letters written by St. Paul; earliest known Christian writings | 84 | |
| 11429921383 | St. Paul | Key figure in developing Christianity, early convert from Jew to Christian whose missionary journeys in the eastern Roman Empire led to the founding of small Christian communities that included Gentiles | 85 | |
| 11429921384 | Mary Magdalene | Part of Jesus' inner circle | 86 | |
| 11429921385 | Played leadership roles in "house churches" | What were women's roles in the church in the first century AD? | 87 | |
| 11429921386 | Inclusiveness, miracles, healings, caring, close-knit | What was the appeal of Christianity? | 88 | |
| 11429921387 | Armenia | What country first proclaimed Christianity as the state religion? | 89 | |
| 11429921388 | Southern India, Syria, Persia, China, Central Asia, Egypt, Africa | Where did Christianity spread? | 90 | |
| 11429921389 | Coptic | Christian church in Egypt, still a significant presence in modern Egypt | 91 | |
| 11429921390 | St. Augustine | Bishop of a city of North Africa, one of the fathers of the church, sinful youth, his mom Monica prayed for him, conversion, came up with the term original sin | 92 | |
| 11429921391 | Provided state support and favored it | What did Constantine do for Christianity? | 93 | |
| 11429921392 | Edict of Milan | issued by Constantine in 313, legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire | 94 | |
| 11429921393 | Constantine | Built the first St. Peter's Basilica, had a vision/dream during a battle for power of a cross telling him he would succeed | 95 | |
| 11429921394 | Theodosius | Enforced a ban on all polytheistic ritual sacrifices and ordered their temples to be closed | 96 | |
| 11429921395 | Ashoka supported Buddhism but didn't exclude other religions, Ashoka sought harmony while Christians exhibited monotheistic intolerance | How was the spread of Buddhism different form the spread of Christianity? | 97 | |
| 11429921396 | Pope Gelasius | Women weren't allowed to lead religious ceremonies anymore | 98 | |
| 11429921397 | Nature of Jesus (divine, man, both), what writings belonged in the Bible, pope | What differences arose over Christian doctrines? | 99 | |
| 11429921398 | Council of Nicaea | Constantine pushed for this because he hated division, cam eup with Creed | 100 |
