Terms : Hide Images
| 6665046920 | Mecca | Muslim holy city. Located in modern-day Saudi Arabia. Hometown of Muhammad. Muslims pilgrimage there as part of their worship. Thriving trade city. | 0 | |
| 6665046921 | Yathrib (Medina) | City where Muslims moved to after leaving Mecca. Headed by Muhammad. | 1 | |
| 6665046922 | Talas River | Battle there between China and Islam. Ended Tang dynasty. Began spread of Islam to Turks. | 2 | |
| 6665046923 | Bagdad | Capital of Abbasid administration. | 3 | |
| 6665046924 | Al-Andalus | Islamic Spain. Incredibly prosperous. Ruled by remaining Umayyads. | 4 | |
| 6665046925 | Abu Bakr | Successor of Muhammad. Not a prophet, but a leader for the umma. | 5 | |
| 6665046926 | Sufis | Islamic mystics/missionaries. Very extreme (ascetic, pious). | 6 | |
| 6665046927 | Sunni | "Traditionalists"- stuck with Umayyads. | 7 | |
| 6665046928 | Shia | Sect of Islam. Recognized Ali as leader, wanted to trace through his lineage (lineage of Muhammad). Different from Sunni doctrines. | 8 | |
| 6665046929 | dar al-Islam | "House of Islam"- referred to the lands ruled by Islam. Had a ton of different cultures, spawned its own culture/society. | 9 | |
| 6665046930 | Hijra | "Migration"- marks beginning of Muslim year. | 10 | |
| 6665046931 | Sharia | Muslim holy law. Came from Quran/leaders. Covered marriage, political legitimacy, economic relationships, and crime. | 11 | |
| 6665046932 | Umma | "Community of the faithful"- Muslim community in Medina with own social/legal/economic code. | 12 | |
| 6665046933 | Ulama | Learned officials. Wanted public policy to align with Quran and Sharia. Had a lot of authority | 13 | |
| 6665046934 | Qadis | Muslim judges. Heard cases of law, made decisions based on Quran/Sharia. Lots of authority | 14 | |
| 6665046935 | Caravanserai | Inns along land-trade networks where merchants from camel caravans could rest. | 15 | |
| 6665046936 | Madrasas | Institutions of higher education. Like colleges. | 16 | |
| 6665046937 | Manchuria | Northern China. Controlled by Tang, conquered during Shang. | 17 | |
| 6665046938 | Silla, Korea | Capital of Korea. Sort of part of China. Had good relations with China. | 18 | |
| 6665046939 | Nara Period | Dynasty (sort of) in Japan modeled after Tang China. Similar to China, still kept some of their own traditions. | 19 | |
| 6665046940 | Heian Period | Japan. Very aristocratic, super elegant. Lots of rules and stuff. Very refined. | 20 | |
| 6665046941 | Xuanzang | Buddhist monk. Helped bring correct Buddhist doctrine to China | 21 | |
| 6665046942 | Minamoto | Japanese clan. Began using shoguns. | 22 | |
| 6665046943 | Grand Canal | Series of manmade waterways built during the Sui dynasty. Helped increase crop production . HUGE undertaking- lots of labor. | 23 | |
| 6665046944 | Equal-field System | System during Sui Dynasty that provided land to families according to their needs/fertility of the land. | 24 | |
| 6665046945 | Kowtow | Ritual performed by envoys from subordinate states in which they showed respect for the emperor (Japan). | 25 | |
| 6665046946 | Tributary System | Subordinate lands would recognize the Middle Kingdom as their overlords and would send envoys to pay respect as well as bring gifts. | 26 | |
| 6665046947 | Neo-Confucianism | Confucianism of the Song dynasty that reflected Buddhist thought. | 27 | |
| 6665046948 | Tale of Genji | Novel by woman Murasaki Shikibu about life in court. Showed what life during the Heian period was like. | 28 | |
| 6665046949 | Sind | Indus River Valley in NE India, conquered by Abbasid caliphate. Brought Islam to Sind, but there wasn't a lot of control from leaders. | 29 | |
| 6665046950 | Chola | Kingdom in southern India. Great navy. Not centralized. Let local gov't TCOB | 30 | |
| 6665046951 | Cambay | Important trade city located in India. Sort of a cross roads. Most important trade center. | 31 | |
| 6665046952 | Axum | City in Africa. Very wealthy. Christian. Traded all over. | 32 | |
| 6665046953 | Malay Peninsula | By Isthmus of Kra. Between a lot of important trade routes. | 33 | |
| 6665046954 | Sumatra | Island home to Sryvijaya. | 34 | |
| 6665046955 | Java | Island controlled by Majapahit | 35 | |
| 6665046956 | Angkor | Agricultural city in SE Asia. Led by Indian Brahmins | 36 | |
| 6665046957 | Strait of Melaka | Strait where a lot of trade went through. Controlled by Melaka. Often pillaged. | 37 | |
| 6665046958 | Funan | City near modern-day Vietnam. Controlled trade between India and China. Wealthy. | 38 | |
| 6665046959 | Srivijaya | Buddhist state in SE Asia. Controlled trade. | 39 | |
| 6665046960 | Singosari | State in SE Asia. Controlled trade. Located on Island of Java. | 40 | |
| 6665046961 | Melaka | City/kingdom in SE Asia. Pirate-type place. Controlled trade, got money. | 41 | |
| 6665046962 | Harsha | Indian king. Managed to reunite most of Northern India, at least temporarily. Very ambitious. Good, tolerant leader. Wealthy. Still, didn't solidify his reign and his empire was only temporary. | 42 | |
| 6665046963 | Sultanate of Delhi | Northern Indian areas conquered by Islam, named the sultanate of Delhi. Not very well organized- no real admin. Sort of a weird sultanate. | 43 | |
| 6665046964 | Mahmud of Ghanzi | Leader of Turks in Afghanistan. Conquered some parts of n. India and Punjab. Plundered a lot. Discouraged Indians from becoming Muslim. | 44 | |
| 6665046965 | Dhows | Large ships used by Indians, Persians, and Arabs for trade and transportation | 45 | |
| 6665046966 | Junks | Chinese ships, very large, used for trade and transportation | 46 | |
| 6665046967 | Temples | Places of worship. Also helped provide education for young boys. Very beneficial, both economically and socially. | 47 | |
| 6665046968 | Emporia | Warehouses built by merchants in India, where goods were stored between monsoons. | 48 | |
| 6665046969 | Bhakti movement | Cult adopted in India to get rid of all differences between Hinduism and Islam | 49 | |
| 6665046970 | Angkor Wat | Temple complex in city of Angkor. Hindu. Built to honor Vishnu. | 50 | |
| 6665046971 | Vishnu and Shiva | Hindu gods. Often had cult followings. Vishnu = preserver of the world. Shiva = bringer and taker of life. | 51 | |
| 6665046972 | Bosporus | Strait by Constantinople. Separated Asia and Europe. A lot of trade passed through, and it provided protection from sea. | 52 | |
| 6665046973 | Tours | City in central France. In a battle there, armies prevented Muslims from expanding and spreading Islam. Kept Christianity in power in Europe. | 53 | |
| 6665046974 | Russia | Kingdom north of Byzantine, had a lot of influence from Byzantine | 54 | |
| 6665046975 | St. Cyril & Methodius | Orthodox monks who created Cyrillic alphabet. | 55 | |
| 6665046976 | Theodora | Wife of Justinian, great advisor to him. | 56 | |
| 6665046977 | Saljuq Turks | Muslim Turks. Invaded part of Byzantine (Anatolia). Let to Byzantine's downfall. | 57 | |
| 6665046978 | Charles Martel | Founder of Carolingian dynasty in France. Played a huge role in the Battle of Tours. | 58 | |
| 6665046979 | Vladimir of Kiev | Russian prince. Converted to Orthodox Christianity. Opened a gate for Byzantine culture to spread through Russia. | 59 | |
| 6665046980 | Charlemagne | First emperor to be appointed by the pope. Originally Frankish ruler. Promoted Christianity throughout Europe. | 60 | |
| 6665046981 | Pope Gregory | Did a lot for the Catholic church. Claimed Rome as ultimate church authority. Emphasized penance for sins. Helped Christianity gain a foothold in much of Europe. Began papal supremacy. | 61 | |
| 6665046982 | Icon | Religious images used in Eastern Orthodox worship. Often paintings of Jesus and saints. | 62 | |
| 6665046983 | Caesaropapism | Idea that the emperor didn't just deal with politics, but also had a hand in the church. Began with Constantine. | 63 | |
| 6665046984 | Justinian's Code | Justinian took the Roman laws and organized and condensed them to make a more manageable law code. | 64 | |
| 6665046985 | Schism of 1054 | Split between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches. Permanently changed Christianity. | 65 | |
| 6665046986 | Cyrillic Alphabet | Created by Orthodox priests and taught to Russians and Slavs based on spoken language. Still used today. | 66 | |
| 6665046987 | Theme System | A system of imperial provinces used by Byzantines. Headed by a general. Also a labor system. | 67 | |
| 6665046988 | Iconoclasm | Destruction of icons in worship. Initiated by Leo III. Wasn't accepted well, since it was popular among commoners. | 68 | |
| 6665046989 | Feudalism | One kingdom ruled by lords, who maintained manors and stuff. | 69 | |
| 6665046990 | Manor/Manorialism | Community with a distinct social order and was self sustained. At the top were lords, and serfs worked the land. | 70 | |
| 6665046991 | Serf | Peasant that worked and lived on a manor. Sort of like an indentured servant. Bound to the manor. | 71 | |
| 6665046992 | Karkorum | Mongol capital. Central Asia. Lots of roads led there. | 72 | |
| 6665046993 | Manzikert | Place of battle between Saljuq Turks and Byzantine army. | 73 | |
| 6665046994 | Samarkland | Capital built by Tamerlane. Part of the Khanate of Chaghatai. | 74 | |
| 6665046995 | Istanbul | Formerly Constantinople. Overtaken by Ottoman Turks, who renamed it. | 75 | |
| 6665046996 | Turks | Nomadic people from central Asia. Good conquerors, horsemen, excellent military | 76 | |
| 6665046997 | Mongols | Nomadic people from steppes of eastern Asia. Good conquerors. Established largest land empire. Never centralized by overlords, good with huge empire, brought contact to tons of people. | 77 | |
| 6665046998 | Temujin/Genghis Khan | Unified Mongol tribes. Gained loyalty through bravery, daring, prowess. Built up an army (small) with excellent skills, conquered a ton. | 78 | |
| 6665046999 | Khubilai Khan | Grandson of Genghis Khan, ruled China. Interested in culture, stayed in China. Good, tolerant ruler. Expanded. | 79 | |
| 6665047000 | Marco Polo | Famous traveler from Venice. Visited China, wrote about it and Khubilai Khan. | 80 | |
| 6665047001 | Tamerlane | Turkish conqueror. Walked with limp. Good ruler, conquerer, warrior, took over a lot of places. | 81 | |
| 6665047002 | Osman | Turkish leader who declared independence from Saljuq, began Ottoman empire. | 82 | |
| 6665047003 | Ottomans | Took over Byzantine Empire. Turkish. | 83 | |
| 6665047004 | Khan | "Ruler"- controlled leaders of allied tribes in nomadic confederacies. | 84 | |
| 6665047005 | Khanate of Chaghatai | Ruled by sons of Chaghatai, descendants of Genghis Khan. In central Asia. | 85 | |
| 6665047006 | Khanate of the Great Khan | China. Ruled by Khubilai Khan. Expanded a lot. Wealthiest of the Khanates. Culture remained Chinese, simply ruled by Mongols | 86 | |
| 6665047007 | Khanate of the Golden Horde | Part of Russia. Collected tribute. Eventually overthrown. | 87 | |
| 6665047008 | Ilkhanate of Persia | Mongol rule in Persia. Fell apart because they weren't good at ruling. | 88 | |
| 6665047009 | Lamaist Buddhism | Form of Buddhism that used magic and supernatural powers. Adopted by Mongol rulers in China. | 89 | |
| 6665047010 | Resettlement | Mongol practice of relocating conquered people to meet their needs. This integrated people of many different cultures. | 90 | |
| 6665047011 | Gao | Trading center, consisted of multiple caravan routes. Good market for metals, cotton, salt, and grains. | 91 | |
| 6665047012 | Ghana | Kingdom between Senegal and Niger Rivers. Huge part of gold-salt trade. Rulers taxed gold trade, immensely wealthy. | 92 | |
| 6665047013 | Kongo | Kingdom located at basin of Congo River. Very centralized government. | 93 | |
| 6665047014 | Mali | Kingdom located along Trans-Saharan trade routes. TONS of wealth from trade. Encouraged spread of Islam. Gained money from taxing trade. | 94 | |
| 6665047015 | Timbuktu | City along Trans-Saharan trade. Part of Mali empire. LOTTA WEALTH. Center of Islamic learning. | 95 | |
| 6665047016 | Swahili City-States | City-states along coastal East Africa. Wealthy from Indian Ocean trade. Eventually, chiefs became kings that oversaw trade, etc. | 96 | |
| 6665047017 | Kilwa | Busiest city-state in east African coast. Traded externally. Very wealthy, prosperous. Used copper coins. Muslim. | 97 | |
| 6665047018 | Zimbabwe | Kingdom between Zambesi and Limpopo rivers. Controlled trade between coastal and inland kingdoms. | 98 | |
| 6665047019 | Benin | Small kingdom, provided gold for trading. | 99 | |
| 6665047020 | Ethiopia | A Christian kingdom. Sort of produced own variation of the religion. | 100 | |
| 6665047021 | Sundiata | Crippled, but not useless African king. Established powerful army while exiled. Began Mali empire. Muslim. | 101 | |
| 6665047022 | Mansa Musa | Grandson of Sundiata. Took huge caravan with him on his hajj. Immeasurable wealth. Traveled a lot and gave gifts. Built mosques, studied Islam and encouraged such study. | 102 | |
| 6665047023 | Ibn Battuta | Moroccan traveler that recorded his discoveries in Africa. Helped keep records so we know more about these kingdoms. | 103 | |
| 6665047024 | Kin-Based Societies | Governments and societies based off of families. Smaller societies, with male as head of family. Eventually replaced with chiefdoms, then kingdoms. Didn't entirely disappear. | 104 | |
| 6665047025 | Camels/Camel Saddles | Mammal. Good for long-distance trade and travel. Saddles took advantage of camels' unique shape. Especially useful in deserts because they could store water. | 105 | |
| 6665047026 | Age Grades/Age Sets | Groups of people divided by age according to specific "landmark" points in their lives- ie) marriage, housebuilding. | 106 | |
| 6665047027 | Diviners | People who were connected with both the physical and spiritual world. Helped make sense of the supernatural. | 107 | |
| 6665047028 | Normandy | Peninsula occupied by various dukes. Home to William the Conqueror, who eventually invaded England. | 108 | |
| 6665047029 | Papal States | Territories in Italy that were home to and ruled by the papacy. | 109 | |
| 6665047030 | Holy Roman Empire | "Empire" begun by Otto I, who was crowned by the pope. Neither Roman nor and Empire, except in name. | 110 | |
| 6665047031 | Venice | Major trade port in Italy. Connected trade between Asia and Europe. | 111 | |
| 6665047032 | Otto I | Saxon king who was named emperor by the pope, began the HRE | 112 | |
| 6665047033 | Capetian Kings | Kings belonging to the Capetian dynasty started by Hugh Capet. Established lasting, centralized power in France. | 113 | |
| 6665047034 | Normans | Rulers of England from Normandy. Established by William the Conqueror, organized regional monarchy. | 114 | |
| 6665047035 | Eleanor of Aquitaine | Important patroness of the arts, particularly love poetry. Helped encourage chivalrous behavior. | 115 | |
| 6665047036 | St. Thomas Aquinas | Christian scholar. Combined Aristotle's beliefs with Christian doctrine. Big promoter of scholasticism. | 116 | |
| 6665047037 | Pope Urban II | Pope who issued the call for Crusades in 1095 | 117 | |
| 6665047038 | Salah al-Din (Saladin) | Muslim leader that led his armies against Christian Crusades. | 118 | |
| 6665047039 | Investiture Conflict | Conflict between Holy Roman Empire and papacy, which had to do with how church leaders were called. | 119 | |
| 6665047040 | Hanseatic League | Collection of trading cities within Europe. | 120 | |
| 6665047041 | Three Estates | "Those who pray, those who fight, those who work" -- Clergy, nobles, peasants... 3 main social classes. | 121 | |
| 6665047042 | Chivalry | Informal code of conduct meant for nobles. Encouraged proper behavior, particularly between the sexes. | 122 | |
| 6665047043 | Guilds | Economic groups based off of occupation that established standards within their specific trade. Had both economic and social significance. | 123 | |
| 6665047044 | Scholasticism | The idea that ancient Greek philosophy could be combined with Christian doctrine. | 124 | |
| 6665047045 | Crusades | Series of campaigns where Christians attempted to reclaim the Holy Lands from Muslims. Lots of conflict. Not good. | 125 | |
| 6665047046 | Tikal | Political Center of Maya Empire. Tons of temples and palaces. | 126 | |
| 6665047047 | Teotihuacan | Former largest city in Mesoamerica. Decline led to Aztec empire. | 127 | |
| 6665047048 | Tenochtitlan | Capital city of Aztec empire. Many temples and markets. Surrounded by lake. | 128 | |
| 6665047049 | Cuzco | Inca capital. Political and religious center. Connected to rest of empire through roads. | 129 | |
| 6665047050 | Easter Island | Polynesian island. Perfect example of how detrimental overpopulation could be. Also brought sweet potatoes to S. America. | 130 | |
| 6665047051 | Toltecs | Came before Aztecs. Built regional empire. Well-off, campaigned. | 131 | |
| 6665047052 | Chucuito | Kingdom in the Andes. Dependent on potatoes, llamas, alpacas. Highlanders. Ruled region around Lake Titicaca. | 132 | |
| 6665047053 | Chimu | Kingdom in Peruvian lowlands. Had irrigation, prosperity. Taken over by Inca. | 133 | |
| 6665047054 | Pachacuti | Legendary Incan warrior. Fierce, took over Chimu. Inca ruler. | 134 | |
| 6665047055 | Olmec | Common ancestors for all Mesoamerican people. Lent a lot of traditions and cultural things to the Aztec and Maya. | 135 | |
| 6665047056 | Chinampas | Plots of arable land dredged up from the bottom of the lake. Very fertile. "Floating gardens" | 136 | |
| 6665047057 | Calpulli | Family group traced through a common ancestor. Basically a clan. | 137 | |
| 6665047058 | Quechua | Language spoken by Inca. Helped unify | 138 | |
| 6665047059 | Quipu | Strings knotted to record info. Incan. Used in place of a written language, which helped keep records. | 139 | |
| 6665047060 | Ayllu | Incan groups of several families that lived on and cultivated a specific piece of land | 140 | |
| 6665047061 | Khanbaliq | Modern Beijing. Located in northern China. Capital of Khubilai Khan's khanate in China. | 141 | |
| 6665047062 | Melaka | Important trade city in SE Asia. Controlled much of the Indian Ocean trade route in particular, the strait of Melaka. Levied taxes on goods, became extremely wealthy. | 142 | |
| 6665047063 | Rabban Sauma | Nestorian Christian from Khanbaliq, who was sent to the pope to encourage support for the ilkhan. | 143 | |
| 6665047064 | Fernando and Isabel | Rulers of Spain. Known as Catholic Kings. Supported Christopher Columbus. Created strong government in Spain. Began Reconquista. | 144 | |
| 6665047065 | Donatello and Michaelangelo | Renaissance sculpters who studied classical art for inspiration. | 145 | |
| 6665047066 | Erasmus | Famous humanist. Published New Testament in Greek. | 146 | |
| 6665047067 | Petrarca | Another famous humanist that traveled around Europe and collected previously unnoticed classical works. | 147 | |
| 6665047068 | Yongle | Successor to Ming emperor Hongwu. Compiled "Yongle's Encyclopedia", which contained history and literature. | 148 | |
| 6665047069 | Zheng He | Chinese traveler. Went on many of Yongle's expeditions. Very brave. | 149 | |
| 6665047070 | Dias | Portugese explorer. Sailed from Portugal around the cape of Good Hope. | 150 | |
| 6665047071 | Da Gama | Portugese explorer. Sailed from Portugal, around Africa, and over to India. | 151 | |
| 6665047072 | Columbus | Genoese explorer sponsored by Fernando and Isabel of Spain to sail west to reach Asia. Instead, he brought the Americas to Europe's attention. | 152 | |
| 6665047073 | Sugar Cane | Introduced by Muslims. Produced refined sugar. Plantations were worked by slaves, which increased the demand for slavery. | 153 | |
| 6665047074 | Bubonic Plague | Deadly disease brought along the Silk Road from China. Carried by fleas on rodents. Killed massive amounts of people and caused a lot of problems. | 154 | |
| 6665047075 | Yongle Encyclopedia | Scrolls compiled by Yongle, who collected Chinese works of history, literature, and philosophy. | 155 | |
| 6665047076 | Hundred Years War | Series of wars between France and England. Improved centralization of government and national identity. | 156 | |
| 6665047077 | Reconquista | Movement begun by the Spanish to drive Muslims and Jews out of Spain | 157 | |
| 6665047078 | Renaissance | "Rebirth" of creativity, philosophy, and society. Led to huge increases of art and productivity. | 158 | |
| 6665047079 | Humanists | People who studied humanities- literature, history, and philosophy. Believed in living active lives. | 159 | |
| 6665047080 | Osman | 160 |
