Terms : Hide Images
| 11608120 | Islam | Majpr world religion having its origins in 610 C.E. in the Arabian peninsula; meaning literally submission; based on prophecy of Muhammad. | 0 | |
| 11608121 | Muslim | follower of Islam | 1 | |
| 11608122 | Quran | Recitations of revelations received by Muhammad; holy book of Islam | 2 | |
| 11608123 | Hadith | Traditions of the prophet Muhammad | 3 | |
| 11608124 | Bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam. | 4 | |
| 11608125 | Umma | Community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity | 5 | |
| 11608126 | Caliph | The political and religious successor to Muhammad | 6 | |
| 11608127 | Sunnis | Political and theological division within Islam. | 7 | |
| 11608128 | Shi'is | Also known as the Shi'a and Shi'ites; political and theological followers within Islam; Followers of Ali | 8 | |
| 11608129 | Mawali | non- Arab converts to Islam | 9 | |
| 11608130 | Dhimmi | Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus | 10 | |
| 11608131 | Harem | the part of a Muslim palace or house reserved for the residence of women. | 11 | |
| 11608132 | Ayan | the wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule | 12 | |
| 11608133 | Mecca | a city in West Saudi Arabia: birthplace of Muhammad; spiritual center of Islam | 13 | |
| 11608134 | Medina | Also known as Yathrib; town located northeast of Mecca; grew date palms whose fruit was sold to bedouins; became refuge for Muhammad following flight from Mecca (hijra) | 14 | |
| 11608135 | Umayyad | Clan of bedouins who controlled Mecca in 7th century C.E. that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan later able to establish dynasty as rulers of Islam. | 15 | |
| 11608136 | Ka'ba | Most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus of obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes; later incorporated as important shrine in Islam. | 16 | |
| 11608137 | Zakat | Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims. | 17 | |
| 11608138 | Five Pillars | the obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj | 18 | |
| 11608139 | Ali | Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'a | 19 | |
| 11608140 | Abu Bakr | One of Muhammad's earliest converts; succeeded Muhammad as first caliph of Muslim community | 20 | |
| 11608141 | Ridda | wars that followed muhammad's death in 632; resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans; restored unity of Islam | 21 | |
| 11608142 | Jihad | Struggle often used for wars in defense of the faith | 22 | |
| 11608143 | Hijra | the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution a.d. 622: regarded as the beginning of the Muslim Era. | 23 | |
| 11608144 | Uthman | Third caliph and member of Umayyad clan; murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt; death set off civil war in Islam between followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan | 24 | |
| 11608145 | Siffin | fought in 657 between forces of Ali and Umayyads; settled by negotiation that led to fragmentation of Ali's party | 25 | |
| 11608146 | Mu'awiya | Leader of Umayyad clan; first Umayyad caliph following civi war with Ali. | 26 | |
| 11608147 | Karbala | Site of defeat and death of Husayn, son of Ali; marked beginning of Shi'a resistance to Umayyad caliphate | 27 | |
| 11608148 | Jizya | head tax paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories | 28 | |
| 11608149 | Abbasids | a member of a dynasty of caliphs ruling at Baghdad, a.d. 750-1258, governing most of the Islamic world and claiming descent from Abbas, uncle of Muhammad. | 29 | |
| 11608150 | Wazir | helper ("right-hand man") for a high-ranking political (and sometimes religious) advisor or minister, often to a Muslim monarch such as a Caliph or Sultan. | 30 |
