ID's
360034337 | Black Death | Plague that struck Europe in 14th century; Significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure. | 0 | |
360034338 | Prince Henry the Navigator | Portuguese Prince responsible for direction of a series of expeditions along African coast in the 15th century; Marked beginning of Western European expansion; | 1 | |
360034339 | Martin Luther | German monk; initiated Protestant Reformation in 1517 by nailing the 95 thesis to the door of the Wittenberg church; emphasized primacy of faith over works is stressed in Catholic Church; accepted state control of church. | 2 | |
360034340 | English Civil War | Conflict from 1640-1660; featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of the monarchy in 1660 following the execution of the previous king. | 3 | |
360034341 | Nicolas Copernicus | Polish monk; astronomer (16th century); disproved Hellenistic belief that the earth was at the center of the universe. | 4 | |
360034342 | Adam Smith | Established liberal economics (wealth of nations, 1776); argued that government should avoid regulation of economy in favor of the operation of market forces. | 5 | |
360034343 | Vasco De Gama | Portuguese captain who first reached India in 1497; established early portuguese dominances in Indian Ocean; The muslim merchants were hostile towards him and only brought pots and a small amount of spices. | 6 | |
360034344 | Karl Marx | German socialist of the mid 19th century; blasted earlier socialist movements as Utopian; saw history as defined by class struggle between groups out of power and those controlled by the means of production; preached necessity of social revolution to create proletarian dictatorship. | 7 | |
360034345 | Ferdinand Magellan | Spanish captain who in 1519 initiated first circumnavigation of the globe; died during the voyage; allowed spain to claim the Philippines. | 8 | |
360034346 | Hernan Cortes | Led an expedition of 600 to the coast of Mexico in 1519; conquistador responsible for defeat of Aztec Empire; captured Aztec Center Tenochtitlan | 9 | |
360034347 | Seven Years War | fought both in continental Europe and also in overseas colonies between 1756-1763; resulted in Prussian seizure of land from Austria, English seizures of colonies in India and North America. | 10 | |
360034348 | Catherine the Great | German-born Russian Tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted Western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry. | 11 | |
360034349 | Ecomiendas | Grants of Indian laborers made to spanish conquerors and settlers in Mesoamerica and South America; basis for earliest forms of coerced labor in spanish colonies. | 12 | |
360034350 | War of Spanish succession | resulted from Bourbon family's succession to Spanish thron in 1701; ended by treaty of Utrecht in 1713; resulted in recognition of Bourbons, loss of some lands, grants of commercial rights to English and French. | 13 | |
360034351 | Mehmed II | Ottoman called "The Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire. | 14 | |
360034352 | William Wiberforce | British statesman and reformer; leader of abolitionist movement in English parliament; led abolition of English slave trade in 1807. | 15 | |
360034353 | Otto Von Bismark | conservative prime minister of Prussia; architect of German unification under Prussian king in 1870; utilized liberal reforms to attract support for conservative causes. | 16 | |
360034354 | Socialism | Political movement with origins in western Europe during the 19th century; urged an attack on private property in the name of equality; wanted state control of means of production, end to capitalist exploration of the working man. | 17 | |
360034355 | Father Miguel de Hidalgo | Mexican priest who establish independence movements among indians and mestizo a in 1810; despite early victories, was captured and executed. | 18 | |
360034356 | Simon Bolivar | Creole Military officer in northern South America; won series of victories in Venezuala, Colombia, and Ecuador between 1817 and 1822; military success led to creation of independent state of Gran Colombia. | 19 | |
360034357 | Mercantilism | popular during 17th and 18th century; It supported government control of foreign trade to ensure prosperity and military security; trying to improve tax revenues. | 20 | |
360034358 | Franciaco Pizarro | spanish conquistador; led the conquest of the Inca Empire; Attacked the city with 180 men and captured and killed the emperor. | 21 |