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AP World History Schmitt Test Flashcards

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360034337Black DeathPlague that struck Europe in 14th century; Significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure.0
360034338Prince Henry the NavigatorPortuguese Prince responsible for direction of a series of expeditions along African coast in the 15th century; Marked beginning of Western European expansion;1
360034339Martin LutherGerman monk; initiated Protestant Reformation in 1517 by nailing the 95 thesis to the door of the Wittenberg church; emphasized primacy of faith over works is stressed in Catholic Church; accepted state control of church.2
360034340English Civil WarConflict from 1640-1660; featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of the monarchy in 1660 following the execution of the previous king.3
360034341Nicolas CopernicusPolish monk; astronomer (16th century); disproved Hellenistic belief that the earth was at the center of the universe.4
360034342Adam SmithEstablished liberal economics (wealth of nations, 1776); argued that government should avoid regulation of economy in favor of the operation of market forces.5
360034343Vasco De GamaPortuguese captain who first reached India in 1497; established early portuguese dominances in Indian Ocean; The muslim merchants were hostile towards him and only brought pots and a small amount of spices.6
360034344Karl MarxGerman socialist of the mid 19th century; blasted earlier socialist movements as Utopian; saw history as defined by class struggle between groups out of power and those controlled by the means of production; preached necessity of social revolution to create proletarian dictatorship.7
360034345Ferdinand MagellanSpanish captain who in 1519 initiated first circumnavigation of the globe; died during the voyage; allowed spain to claim the Philippines.8
360034346Hernan CortesLed an expedition of 600 to the coast of Mexico in 1519; conquistador responsible for defeat of Aztec Empire; captured Aztec Center Tenochtitlan9
360034347Seven Years Warfought both in continental Europe and also in overseas colonies between 1756-1763; resulted in Prussian seizure of land from Austria, English seizures of colonies in India and North America.10
360034348Catherine the GreatGerman-born Russian Tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted Western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry.11
360034349EcomiendasGrants of Indian laborers made to spanish conquerors and settlers in Mesoamerica and South America; basis for earliest forms of coerced labor in spanish colonies.12
360034350War of Spanish successionresulted from Bourbon family's succession to Spanish thron in 1701; ended by treaty of Utrecht in 1713; resulted in recognition of Bourbons, loss of some lands, grants of commercial rights to English and French.13
360034351Mehmed IIOttoman called "The Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire.14
360034352William WiberforceBritish statesman and reformer; leader of abolitionist movement in English parliament; led abolition of English slave trade in 1807.15
360034353Otto Von Bismarkconservative prime minister of Prussia; architect of German unification under Prussian king in 1870; utilized liberal reforms to attract support for conservative causes.16
360034354SocialismPolitical movement with origins in western Europe during the 19th century; urged an attack on private property in the name of equality; wanted state control of means of production, end to capitalist exploration of the working man.17
360034355Father Miguel de HidalgoMexican priest who establish independence movements among indians and mestizo a in 1810; despite early victories, was captured and executed.18
360034356Simon BolivarCreole Military officer in northern South America; won series of victories in Venezuala, Colombia, and Ecuador between 1817 and 1822; military success led to creation of independent state of Gran Colombia.19
360034357Mercantilismpopular during 17th and 18th century; It supported government control of foreign trade to ensure prosperity and military security; trying to improve tax revenues.20
360034358Franciaco Pizarrospanish conquistador; led the conquest of the Inca Empire; Attacked the city with 180 men and captured and killed the emperor.21

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