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AP World History Sections 1-2 civilizations Flashcards

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4861365630Mesopotamia writing systemcuneiform0
4861365631Mesopotamia tradeextensive trade with Egypt and Indus Valley1
4861365632Mesopotamia toolsbronze, used chariots2
4861365633Mesopotamia sciencesmath based on 60, advanced astronomy3
4861365634Mesopotamia world viewpessimistic (perhaps because of irregular flood of the rivers)4
4861365635Mesopotamia religionpolytheism (powerful and cruel gods)5
4861365636Mesopotamia political organizationkings (powerful but not divine) and city-states, unstable6
4861365637Mesopotamia riversTigris and Euphrates7
4861365638Mesopotamia lawhammurabi's code8
4861365639Mesopotamia womenmarriage contracts, had to wear veils, upper class=less equal than lower class9
4861365640Mesopotamia social classesthey existed10
4861365641Mesopotamia jobshad specialization: farmers, metallurgists, merchants, craftsmen, political administrators, priests11
4861365642Egypt sciencessome medical knowledge, less advanced in math and astronomy12
4861365643Egypt tradeless extensive than Mesopotamia13
4861365644Egypt religionpolytheism, belief in afterlife (book of the dead)14
4861365645Egypt world viewoptimistic (possibly because of regular flooding of river)15
4861365646Egypt political organizationpharaoh with divine status, highly centralized government, 3 kingdoms (stable), had regional governors16
4861365647Egypt writing systemhieroglyphics (pictorial language)17
4861365648Egypt riverNile18
4861365649Egypt womenhigher status than Mesopotamia, importance on male/female relationships19
4861365650Egypt priestshigh status20
4861365651Hatshepsutfemale pharaoh of Egypt21
4861365652Nefertitiinfluential wife of pharaoh in Egypt22
4861365653Indus Valley writing systemundercipherable23
4861365654Indus Valley tradesoapstone seals indicated trade with Mesopotamian and China24
4861365655Indus Valley weaponsstone arrowheads, no swords25
4861365656Indus Valley religionpolytheism (primary god- naked man with horns; fertility goddesses)26
4861365657Indus Valley main citiesHarappa and Mohenjo-Daro27
4861365658Indus Valley river (duh)Indus28
4861365659Indus Valley political organizationlimited info but assumed to be complex and centralized (based off of plumbing, city planning, and large granaries)29
4861365660Indus Valley priestshigh status30
4861365661Indus Valley class systemdifferent house sizes indicate it existed31
4861365662Indus Valley womenreverence for female reproductive function (based on statues)32
4861365663Shang China religionoracle bones to communicate with ancestors33
4861365664Shang China writingcomplex pictorial language (3000 characters by end of dynasty)34
4861365665Shang China writing continuedbecame bond among people who spoke different languages35
4861365666Shang China weaponsbronze weapons (and tools), horse-drawn chariot36
4861365667Shang China tradinggeography separated them but probably traded with Indus Valley37
4861365668Shang China riverHuang He (yellow river)38
4861365669Shang China political organizationemperor, centralized government (preoccupied with flood control of rivers)39
4861365670Shang China jobsspecialization as farmers, slaves, and bureaucrats40
4861365671Shang China social classeswarrior, aristocrats, bureaucrats, farmers, slaves41
4861365672Shang China womenpatriarchal society- women were wives and concubines (and sometimes shamans)42
4861365673Olmec scienceshighly developed in astronomy (used it to predict agricultural cycles and please gods)43
4861365674Olmec religionpolytheism, ritual ball games, jaguar symbol important, giant carved stone heads (probably religiously significant)44
4861365675Olmec farmingirrigation and drainage canals45
4861365676Olmec political organization(apparently) not united politically (unusual)46
4861365677Olmec priestshighest status47
4861365678Olmec jobsmost were farmers, some craft specializations48
4861365679Chavin religionpolytheism, jaguar men49
4861365680Chavin architecturesquare stones, didn't use mortar50
4861365681Chavin agriculturebased on maize (a type of corn)51
4861365682Chavin geography (because apparently it's unique)lived on coast, in mountains, and in jungle52
4861365683Chavin political organization(probable) political unification (capital city)53
4861365684Chavin priestshighest status54
4861365685Chavin jobsmost were farmers55
4861365686Greece (Athens) educationhighly valued, interest in political theory (which gov. is the best?)56
4861365687Greece sciencesphilosophy and science emphasized57
4861365688Greece highly developed things (sorry really no better category)sculpture, literature, math, written language, and record keeping58
4861365689Greece religionpolytheism- gods had human characteristics59
4861365690Greece citiesrelatively small60
4861365691Greece sailingVERY GOOD (centered around Aegean and Mediterranean seas)61
4861365692Greece political organizaitonno centralized government62
4861365693Greece-Sparta- governmentmilitary state63
4861365694Greece- Athens- governmentdemocracy for adult males (initially was dominated by tyrants, but eventually became a democracy)64
4861365695Greece militaryvery strong (in both Athens and Sparta)65
4861365696Greece-Sparta- social structurewealth accumulation not allowed, men and women were generally equal (separated until they were 30)66
4861365697Greece-Athens- social structuremen were free, women and slaves had little freedom67
4861365698Greece social statusslavery widely practiced, depended on land holdings and cultural sophistication68
4861365699Rome militaryconquered but didn't oppress, divided into legions (emphasized organization and talent)69
4861365700Rome sciences (THIEVES)art, literature, philosophy, and science from Greece70
4861365701Rome architectureSuperb- extensive road, sanitation systems, buildings, aqueducts, bridges71
4861365702Rome religion (THIEVES)polytheism (also from Greeks) not particularly important, eventually Christianity72
4861365703Rome the republicruled by aristocrat, senate, two consuls73
4861365704Rome the empirenon-hereditary emperor chosen by senate/predecessor74
4861365705Rome (both the republic and the empire)extensive colonization, strict laws75
4861365706Rome social structuredivision between patricians (aristocrats) and plebeians (free farmers)76
4861365707Rome social statusbased on land owndership77
4861365708Rome gender heirarchypaterfamilias- male dominated family sturctre78
4861365709Rome slavesvery dependent on slaves79
4861365710China religion (its actually a philosophy but oh whale)confucianism (dominated political and social structure), legalism, daoism, and buddhism (<- not influential yet)80
4861365711China construction(?)Great Wall, clay soldiers (terra cota warriors), Shi Huangdi lavish tomb81
4861365712China Hangolden age: Silk Road, new inventions (water mills, paper, compasses, and pottery, and silk-making), calendar (365.5 days!!!), sophisticated capital (Xi'an), urbanization82
4861365713China political organization and religious affiliationMandate of Heaven, emperor= son of heaven, forbidden city, centralized power (under Shi Huangdi)83
4861365714China Confucianism influenceexamination systems, political authority controlled by confucian values84
4861365715China social structurefamily= basic unity of society85
4861365716China social statusbased on land ownership, emergence of scholar gentry86
4861365717China social dividebig divide between rural and urban (wealth concentrated in cities), some slavery but not as much87
4861365718China womenpatriarchal society (enforced by confucianism), emphasized obedience of wife to husband88
4861365719India religionhinduism (dominant) and buddhism89
4861365720India religious textsVedas (hindu), Ramayana and Mahabarata90
4861365721India tradeSilk Road, Indian Ocean Trade91
4861365722India math10-based system, arabic numerals92
4861365723India political organizationlack of unity: geographic barriers and diversity of people, caste membership and group allegiances= more important than political authority93
4861365724India empiresMauryan and Gupta, formed based on military conquest94
4861365725India-MauryanAshoka (greatest emperor) converted to buddhism and kept the religion alive95
4861365726India-Guptagrand palace and courts to conceal political weaknesses96
4861365727India social structurecaste system (birth groups called Jati) determined jobs97
4861365728India social statusinheritance of property98
4861365729India women(during earlier part of time period) women had property rights99

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