Terms : Hide Images
| 7213881786 | Bronze Age | from about 4000 BCE, when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500 BCE, when iron began to replace it | 0 | |
| 7213881787 | Çatal Hüyük | early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; was larger in population than Jericho; had greater degree of social stratification | 1 | |
| 7213881788 | city-state | a form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king | 2 | |
| 7213881789 | civilization | societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups | 3 | |
| 7213881790 | Harappa | along with Mohenjodaro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern | 4 | |
| 7213881791 | Homo sapiens sapiens | the humanoid species that emerged as the most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period | 5 | |
| 7213881792 | Indus River valley | river sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization | 6 | |
| 7213881793 | Mesopotamia | literally "between the rivers"; the civilizations taht arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates River valleys | 7 | |
| 7213881794 | Neolithic Age | the New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 BCE; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished | 8 | |
| 7213881795 | nomads | cattle and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies | 9 | |
| 7213881796 | Paleolithic Age | the Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 BCE; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence | 10 | |
| 7213881797 | Shang | first Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished from 1600 to 1046 BCE | 11 | |
| 7213881798 | slash and burn agriculture | a system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators; forest floors cleared by fire are then planted | 12 | |
| 7213881799 | Sumerians | people who migrated into Mesopotamia c. 4000 BCE; created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states | 13 |
