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AP World History - Summer Assignment Terms & Concepts Flashcards

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6987832659agrarianconcerning farms, farmers, or the use of land0
6987832660alliesan alliance of nations joining together to fight a common enemy1
6987832662archipelagoa group of many islands in a large body of water2
6987832664assimilationthe process whereby a minority group gradually adopts the customs and attitudes of the dominant/prevailing culture and becomes accepted3
6987832665Austrasianew name for the western Pacific Rim where a significant regional realignment is now taking place. Includes rapidly-developing countries & parts of countries lining the Pacific from Japan's Hokkaido in the north to New Zealand in the South4
6987832666autocratic / autocracycharacteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule5
6987832667birth ratethe number of births in a population in a certain amount of time6
6987832668Buddhisma world religion or philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha and holding that a state of enlightenment can be attained by suppressing worldly desire7
6987832670Capitalisman economic system based on private ownership of capital8
6987832671cash cropfarm crop grown to be sold or traded rather than used by the farm family9
6987832672Caste systema social structure in which classes are determined by heredity10
6987832673Christianitya monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior11
6987832675climatethe average weather a place has over a long period of time (usually 20 to 30 years)12
6987832676Communisma political system characterized by a centrally planned economy with all economic and political power resting in the hands of the central government13
6987832677continentthe largest main land masses of the globe14
6987832678culturethe ideas, beliefs, and customs that are shared and accepted by people in a society15
6987832679customsomething done by people in a particular society because it is traditional16
6987832680death ratethe number of deaths per 1,000 people in an area17
6987832681deltaa low triangular area where a river divides before entering a larger body of water18
6987832682democracya political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them19
6987832683demographicsstatistical characteristics of human populations, such as gender, age, income level, etc.20
6987832684desertificationdegradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting21
6987832685diffusionthe movement of customs or ideas from one place to another22
6987832686elevationheight above (or below) sea level23
6987832687enclavea distinct region or community enclosed within a larger territory24
6987832688Equatoran imaginary circle around the middle of the earth, halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole25
6987832689ethnicitya social division based on national origin, religion, language, and often race26
6987832690ethnocentrismthinking about things based only on what your own culture/ethnicity does; not valuing the culture, traditions, etc. of others; tendency to judge others compared to your own ethnic group, with the belief your own ethnic group is superior27
6987832691exportto ship out (merchandise, resources, workers, ideas, etc.) to other countries for sale, exchange, etc.28
6987832692Fertile Crescenta geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates29
6987832693feudalisma political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service30
6987832694flood plaina low plain adjacent to a river that is formed chiefly of river sediment and is subject to flooding31
6987832695geographythe study of where people, places, and things are located and how they relate to each other32
6987832696ghettoa poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions33
6987832698hemispherehalf of the earth34
6987832699HinduismA religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms35
6987832700immigrant/emigranta person who comes to a country where they were not born in order to settle there36
6987832701imperialismthe policy of extending authority over several foreign countries to form an empire. Imperialism takes colonialism to the next level by holding many colonies, not just one37
6987832702importto bring in (merchandise, resources, ideas, workers, etc.) from a foreign country for use, trade, sale, and processing38
6987832703indigenoussomething that is originally from an area, or grows and lives in a certain environment naturally; native39
6987832704IndochinaFrench colony made up of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam40
6987832705industrializationwhen a country organizes factories, technology, and workers to manufacture (in order to mass-produce) things for sale41
6987832706infrastructurethe system of public works of a country, state, or region, such as roads, electricity, sewers, running water, etc.42
6987832707interdependencethe dependence of countries on goods, resources, and knowledge from other parts of the world43
6987832708irrigationsupplying dry land with water by means of ditches44
6987832710isthmusa relatively narrow strip of land (with water on both sides) connecting two larger land areas45
6987832711Judaismthe monotheistic religion founded by Abraham and whose followers are called Jews46
6987832712land bridgethe way that the first people may have arrived in the Americas; connected Siberia and Alaska around 40,000 years ago.47
6987832713landformsnatural features of the earth's surface48
6987832714landlockedsurrounded by land; cut off from the sea49
6987832715latitudethe set of imaginary parallel lines that circle the earth parallel to the Equator and measure the distance north and south of the equator in degrees50
6987832716longitudedistance east or west of the Prime Meridian, measured in degrees51
6987832717matriarchya society in which the mother is the supreme authority in the family, clan or tribe and children belong to the mother's family or tribe; women have the governing authority52
6987832718medianrelating to or situated in or extending toward the middle53
6987832719megalopolisa very large urban complex (usually involving several cities and towns)54
6987832721mestizoa person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry55
6987832722modernizationthe transformation of traditional societies into industrial societies56
6987832724mulattothe term used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent57
6987832725nation-statean independent geopolitical unit of people having a common culture and identity58
6987832727natural resourcesthe natural wealth of a country, consisting of land, forests, mineral deposits, water, etc.; natural resources 1) make a country wealth, 2) have a limit, and 3) are not man-made59
6987832729occidentalwest; denoting or characteristic of countries of Europe and the Western Hemisphere60
6987832730oligarchya political system governed by a small group of people61
6987832731orientaleast; denoting or characteristic of the biogeographic region including southern Asia and the Malay Archipelago as far as the Philippines and Borneo and Java62
6987832733pandemicdisease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population63
6987832734Pangaeathe super continent where all the continents were once joined64
6987832735patriarchya society in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan or tribe and children belong to the fathers family or tribe; men have authority over woman and children.65
6987832736peninsulabody of land jutting into a lake or ocean, surrounded on three sides by water66
6987832737physical mapa map that shows mountains, hills, plains, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc.67
6987832738plainsan extensive area of level and rolling, treeless country, often covered by rich, fertile soil68
6987832739plantationan estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas)69
6987832740plateaua large area of flat land elevated high above sea70
6987832741political mapa map showing units such as countries, states, provinces, districts, etc.l each is normally a different color71
6987832742polytheisticworshipping or believing in more than one god72
6987832743population densitynumber of individuals per unit area73
6987832744prime meridiana line that runs north to south through Greenwich England; other meridians are measured from this74
6987832745prime ministerthe leader of the executive branch of a parliamentary government75
6987832746racepeople who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock76
6987832747refugeespeople who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion77
6987832748rite of passagea ritual performed in some cultures at times when a individual changes his status (as from adolescence to adulthood)78
6987832749ritualsanother name for ceremonies or rites79
6987832750ruralof, pertaining to, or characteristic of the country, country life, or country people; of or pertaining to agriculture: rural economy80
6987832751savannagrassland with scattered trees; found in tropical regions of Africa, Australia, and South America81
6987832752secularnot spiritual or religious; worldly82
6987832753sedentarynot migratory; settled83
6987832754shantytowna usually poor town or section of a town consisting mostly of small wooden shacks84
6987832755sharecroppingsystem in which landowners leased a few acres of land to farm workers in return for a portion of their crops85
6987832756social classesgroup of people who hold similar positions in society, share similar wealth, and receive similar respect from other members of society86
6987832758standard of livingthe level of material comfort as measured by the goods, services, and luxuries available to an individual, group, or nation87
6987832759subsistence farmingfarming that provides for the basic needs of the farmer without surpluses for marketing88
6987832760sultana noble title for the ruler of a Muslim country (especially of the former Ottoman Empire)89
6987832761tariffa government tax on imports or exports90
6987832762theocracya government controlled by religious leaders91
6987832764tradethe business of buying and selling or exchanging items92
6987832765tributarya stream or river that flows into a larger river93
6987832766uniformitysameness; monotony; (adj.) uniform: the same all over94
6987832768urbanof, relating to, or located in a city; characteristic of the city or city life95
6987832769urbanizationthe growth of cities and the migration of people into them96
6987832770weatherthe temperature and humidity of a place at a specific time97
6987832771westernizationthe adoption of Western culture, including government, food, clothing, religion and customs98

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