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| 5328903438 | Qu'ran | the word of God as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam | 0 | |
| 5329012648 | Mohammad | (570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh | 1 | |
| 5329023764 | Mecca | Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam | 2 | |
| 5329036695 | Medina | town northeast of Mecca; asked Mohammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Mohammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar | 3 | |
| 5329057749 | Umayyad Caliphate | the successor to Mohammad as the leader of the Islamic community in the Umayyad empire | 4 | |
| 5329147040 | Abbasid Caliphate | the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Mohammad | 5 | |
| 5329184563 | Byzantine Empire | (330AD-1453AD) emerged in the eastern part of Rome after Rome's fall; took in some of Rome's heritage, the Byzantine state developed its own form of civilization; fell to outside invaders | 6 | |
| 5329501437 | Justinian | 6th-century Byzantine emperor; failed to reconquer the western portions of the empire; rebuilt Constantinople; codified Roman law | 7 | |
| 5329517847 | Hagia Sophia | great domed church constructed during reign of Justinian | 8 | |
| 5329524908 | Kievan Rus | commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th century; became the center for a kingdom that flourished until the 12th century | 9 | |
| 5329607472 | Crusades | invasions of Western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291 | 10 | |
| 5329934433 | Feudalism | personal relationships during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service | 11 | |
| 5330001734 | Cultural Diffusion | the spreading out of culture, culture traits, or a culture pattern from a central point | 12 | |
| 5330010757 | The Black Death | bubonic plague that struck Europe in 14th century; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure | 13 | |
| 5330018167 | Baghdad | Abbasid capital, close to the old Persian capital of Ctesiphon | 14 | |
| 5330062536 | Silk Roads | important trade route between China and the Mediterranean | 15 | |
| 5330108145 | Indian Ocean Trade | opened up when Bantu tribes migrated to the East coast of Africa, interacting with Arab traders, causing Swahili city-states to form which formed Indian Ocean Trade | 16 | |
| 5330185657 | Aztec | the Mexica; one of the nomadic tribes that penetrated into the sedentary zone of the Mesoamerican plateau after the fall of the Toltecs; established empire after 1325 around shores of Lake Texcoco | 17 | |
| 5330209040 | Incan Empire (Inca) | group of clans (ayllu) centered at Cuzco; created an empire in the Andes during the 15th century; also title of the ruler | 18 | |
| 5330228226 | Ibn Battuta | Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world | 19 | |
| 5330273306 | Bantu | a general label for African peoples from 300-600 who spoke Bantu languages | 20 | |
| 5330317275 | Tang Dynasty | expanded empire; large bureaucracy with civil service exams and they added to the great wall (618-907) | 21 | |
| 5332738268 | Song Dynasty | smaller than Tang; politically weak but wealthy; payed tribute to North and West tribes for loyalty; Southern Song first, Northern Song second | 22 | |
| 5332776071 | Foot Binding | male imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to household | 23 | |
| 5332808724 | Taika Reforms | attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army | 24 | |
| 5332834664 | Heian Period | Japanese city later called Kyoto; built to escape influence of Buddhist monks | 25 | |
| 5332862798 | Mongols | central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph | 26 | |
| 5332988134 | Genghis Khan | (1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms | 27 | |
| 5333048066 | Yuan Dynasty | (1279-1368); created by Kubilai Khan; social structure put Mongols at the top; their nomadic and Islamic allies were below them and below them were the Chinese from the North and below them were the ethnic Chinese of the South | 28 | |
| 5333129105 | Marco Polo | a Venetian merchant traveler whose travels are recorded in Livres des merveilles du monde, a book that introduced Europeans to Central Asia and China | 29 | |
| 5333281957 | Il-khanate | one of the four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire | 30 | |
| 5333299365 | Golden Horde | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russia during the 13th and 14th centuries | 31 | |
| 5333315146 | Sunnis | follower of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads | 32 | |
| 5333319961 | Shi'a | follower of Ali's interpretation of Islam | 33 | |
| 5333332524 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from central Asia; committed Sunnis; ruled from the 11th century in the name of the Abbasids | 34 | |
| 5333360901 | Chinggis Khan | born in 1170s; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; began the Mongol rise to world power; died 1227 | 35 | |
| 5333368350 | Mali | state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers | 36 | |
| 5333392378 | Russian Orthodoxy | Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire | 37 | |
| 5333398708 | Rurik | legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of Kievan Rus' in 855 | 38 | |
| 5333415188 | Middle Ages | the period in western European history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the 15th century | 39 | |
| 5336000787 | Toltecs | nomadic people from beyond the northern frontier of sedentary agriculture in Mesoamerica; established capital at Talu following migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strong militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice | 40 | |
| 5336028163 | Tenochtitlan | founded circa 1325 on a marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power | 41 | |
| 5336045483 | Chinampas | beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating islands", system of irrigated agriculture used by Aztecs | 42 | |
| 5336062326 | Manorialism | rural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; peasants exchanged labor for use of land and protection | 43 | |
| 5336105749 | Gothic | an architectural style developed during the 13th and 14th centuries in western Europe featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external support on main walls | 44 | |
| 5336124496 | Magna Carta | great charter issued by King John of England in 1215; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy; the supremacy of law | 45 | |
| 5336145139 | Grand Canal | great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin | 46 | |
| 5336161752 | Tale of Genji | written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; evidence of mannered style of Japanese society | 47 | |
| 5336193268 | Ali | cousin and son-in-law of Mohammad; one of the Orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism | 48 | |
| 5336206868 | Dhimmis | "the people of the book", Jews, Christians; later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus | 49 |
