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| 21678367 | cape of good hope | southern tip of Africa first circumnavigated by the Portuguese in search of India | 0 | |
| 21678368 | christopher columbus | genoese captain who successfully sailed to the new world and returned 1492 | 1 | |
| 21678369 | ferdinand magellan | spanish captain who first circumnavigated the globe | 2 | |
| 21678370 | dutch east india company | dutch joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in asia | 3 | |
| 21678371 | british east india company | british joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in asia | 4 | |
| 21678372 | lepanto | naval battle between the spanish and the ottoman empire resulting in a spanish victory | 5 | |
| 21678373 | core nations | nations that enjoyed profit from world economy (controlled international banking and shipping) | 6 | |
| 21678374 | mercantilism | economic theory that stressed governments' promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues | 7 | |
| 21678375 | vasco de balboa | first spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica | 8 | |
| 21678376 | francisco pizarro | led conquest of the inca empire on peru and gave spain most of the inca possessions | 9 | |
| 21678377 | new france | french colonies in north america | 10 | |
| 21678378 | seven years' war | fought in continental europe and overseas; resulted in prussian seizures of land in austria and english seizures of colonies in india and north america | 11 | |
| 21678379 | treaty of paris | arranged after the seven years' war; granted new france to england in exchange for return of french sugar island in the caribbean | 12 | |
| 21678380 | cape colony | dutch colony established at cape of good hope initially as a coastal station for the dutch seaborne empire | 13 | |
| 21678381 | boers | dutch settlers in cape colony | 14 | |
| 21678382 | calcutta | headquarters of british east india company in bengal in indian subcontinent | 15 | |
| 21678383 | niccoli machiavelli | author who emphasized realistic discussions of how to seize and maintain power; one of the most influential authors of the Italian renaissance | 16 | |
| 21678384 | humanism | focus on humankind as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor | 17 | |
| 21678385 | northern renaissance | cultural and intellectual movement of northern europe; featured greater emphasis on religion than that of italy | 18 | |
| 21678386 | francis I | king of france in 16th century; regarded as renaissance monarch; patron of arts | 19 | |
| 21678387 | johannes gutenberg | introduced movable type to western europe in 15th century | 20 | |
| 21678388 | european-style family | originated in 15th century amongst peasants and artisans; late marriage age, emphasis on nuclear family, large minority who never married | 21 | |
| 21678389 | martin luther | german monk; initiated protestant reformation | 22 | |
| 21678390 | protestantism | general wave of religious dissent against the catholic church | 23 | |
| 21678391 | anglican church | form of protestantism set up in england by henry viii to be able to divorce his wife, catherine of aragon | 24 | |
| 21678392 | jean calvin | french protestant who stressed doctrine of predestination; encouraged ideas of wider access to government, wider public education | 25 | |
| 21678393 | catholic reformation | restatement of traditional catholic beliefs in response to protestant reformation; revived catholic doctrine and refuted protestant beliefs | 26 | |
| 21678394 | jesuit | a new religious order founded during the catholic reformation; active in education, politics, and missionary work | 27 | |
| 21678395 | edict of nantes | grant of tolerance to protestants in france in 1598; granted only after lengthy civil war between catholics and protestants | 28 | |
| 21678396 | thirty years' war | war within the holy roman empire between german protestants and their allies and the emperor and his ally | 29 | |
| 21678397 | english civil war | conflict from 1640 to 1660; with religious disputes and issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; resulted in restoration of the monarchy | 30 | |
| 21678398 | proletariat | class of working people without access to producing property; manufacturing wokers, paid agriculture workers, urban poor | 31 | |
| 21678399 | witchcraft persecution | reflected resentment against the poor, uncertainties about religious truth; common in protestant areas | 32 | |
| 21678400 | scientific revolution | period of empirical advances associated with the development of wider theoretical generalizations; 17th century | 33 | |
| 21678401 | copernicus | polish monk and astronomer; disproved hellenistic belief that the earth was the center of the universe | 34 | |
| 21678402 | galileo | published copernicus' findings; added own discoveries concerning laws of gravity and planetary motion; condemned by the catholic church | 35 | |
| 21678403 | william harvey | english physician who demonstrated circular movement of blood in animals, function of heart as pump | 36 | |
| 21678404 | rene descartes | established importance of skeptical review of all received wisdom; argued that human reason could develop laws that would explain the workings of nature | 37 | |
| 21678405 | isaac newton | english scientist who drew the various astronomical and | 38 |
