Terms : Hide Images
| 4403238269 | Audiencia | royal courts of appeals established in Spanish New World colonies | 0 | |
| 4403243448 | Viceroyalties | major divisions of Spanish New World colonies headed by direct representatives of the king | 1 | |
| 4403246182 | Creoles | people of European ancestry born in Spanish New World colonies | 2 | |
| 4403247986 | Peninsulares | Spanish-born residents of the New World | 3 | |
| 4403250535 | Factories | trading stations with resident merchants established by the Portuguese and other Euopeans | 4 | |
| 4403252533 | Indies Piece | a unit in the complex exchange system of the west African trade; based on the value of an adult slave | 5 | |
| 4403256092 | Middle Passage | slave voyage from Africa to the Americas; a deadly and traumatic experience | 6 | |
| 4403264712 | Ottomans | Turkic-speaking people who advanced into Asia Minor during the 14th century; established an empire in the middle east | 7 | |
| 4403267850 | Mehmed II | "the Conqueror"; Ottoman sultan; captured Constantinople | 8 | |
| 4403274538 | Janissaries | conscripted youths from conquered regions who were trained as Ottoman infantry divisions | 9 | |
| 4403275965 | Safavid Dynasty | founded by a Turkic nomad family with Shi'a Islamic Beliefs; established kingdom in Iran | 10 | |
| 4403279992 | Mughal Dynasty | established by Turkic invaders in 1526; endured until the mid 19th century | 11 | |
| 4403285255 | Sikhs | indian sect, beginning as a synthesis of Hindu and Muslim faiths; pushed to opposition to Muslim and Mughul rule | 12 | |
| 4403290715 | Asian Sea Trading Network | divided from West to East, into three zones prior to the European arrival; an Arab zone, Indian zone, Chinese zone | 13 | |
| 4403293001 | Zheng He | Chinese admiral who led seven overseas trade expeditions under Ming emperor Yunglo between 1405 and 1423 | 14 | |
| 4403299445 | Population Revolution | huge growth in population in western Europe beginning about 1730; prelude to industrialization | 15 | |
| 4403302139 | American Revolution | rebellion of the British American Atlantic seaboard colonies; ended with the formation of the independent United States | 16 | |
| 4403304935 | French Revolution | overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy through a revolution beginning in 1789 | 17 | |
| 4403307800 | Louis XIV | Bourbon ruler of France who was executed during the radical phase of the French Revolution | 18 | |
| 4403309959 | Declaration of the Rights of man and of the Citizen | adopted during the French Revolution; proclaimed the equality of French citizens; became a source document for later liberal movements | 19 | |
| 4403315598 | Guillotine | introduced as a method of humane execution; utilized during the French Revolution against thousands of individuals | 20 | |
| 4403318347 | Napoleon Bonaparte | army officer who rose in rank during the wars of the French Revolution; ended the democratic phase of the revolution | 21 | |
| 4403321288 | Liberalism | political ideology that flourished in 19th century western Europe; stressed limited state interference in private life, representation of the people in government | 22 | |
| 4403326750 | Radicals | followers of a 19th century western European political emphasis: advocated broader voting rights than liberals | 23 | |
| 4403332239 | Socialism | political ideology in 19th century Europe; attacked private property in the name of equality; wanted state control of means of production and an end to the capitalistic exploitation of the working class | 24 | |
| 4403338574 | Nationalism | European 19th century viewpoint; often allied with other "isms"; urged the importance of nation unity | 25 | |
| 4403345041 | James Watt | devised a steam engine in the 1770s that could be used for the production in many industries | 26 | |
| 4403348002 | Louis Pasteur | discoverer of germs and of the purifying process named after him | 27 | |
| 4403349907 | Camillo di Cavour | architect of Italian unification in 1858; created a constitutional Italian monarchy under the King of Piedmont | 28 | |
| 4403354753 | Otto von Bismarck | conservative prime minister of Prussia; architect of German unification under the Prussian king in 1871 | 29 | |
| 4403357987 | Karl Marx | German socialist who saw history as a class struggle between groups out of power and those controlling the means of production; preached the inevitibility of social revolution and the creation of a proletarian dictatorship | 30 | |
| 4403364355 | Feminist movements | sought legal and economic gains for women, among them equal access to professions and higher education; came to concentrate on the right to vote; won initial support from middle-class women | 31 | |
| 4403369091 | Charles Darwin | biologist who developed the theory of evolution of the species; argued that all living forms evolved through the successful ability to adapt in a struggle for survival | 32 | |
| 4403373233 | Albert Einstein | formulated mathematical theories to explain the behavior of planetary motion and the movement of electrical particles | 33 | |
| 4403376036 | Romanticism | 19th century western European artistic and literary movement; held that emotion and impression, not reason, were the keys to the mysteries of human experience and nature | 34 | |
| 4403381536 | Triple Alliance | alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of the European balance of power system before WWI | 35 | |
| 4403384380 | Triple Entente | agreement between Britain, Russia, and France in 1907; part of the European balance of power system before WWI | 36 | |
| 4403389213 | Sepoys | Indian Troops, trained in European style, serving the French and British | 37 | |
| 4403391024 | Raj | the British political establishment in India | 38 | |
| 4403393642 | White Dominion | a type of settlement colony--as in North America and Australia--where EUropean settles made up the majority of the population | 39 | |
| 4403400689 | Boer War | fought between the British and Afrikaners; British victory and post war policies left Africans under Afrikaner control | 40 | |
| 4403404630 | Miguel de Hidalgo | Mexican priest who established an independence movement among Indians and mestizos in 1810 | 41 | |
| 4403408071 | Simon Bolivar | Creole military officer in northern South America; won victories in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador between 1817 and 1822 that led to the independent state of Gran Colombia | 42 | |
| 4403414939 | Caudillos | leaders in independent Latin America who dominated local areas by force in defiance of national policies; sometimes seized the national government | 43 | |
| 4403417661 | Centralists | Latin American politicians who favored strong, centralized national governments with borad powers | 44 | |
| 4403420668 | Monroe Doctrine | United States declaration of 1823 that any attempt by a European country to colonize the Americas would be considered an unfriendly act | 45 | |
| 4403428177 | Mahmud II | 19th century Ottoman sultan who built a private, professional army; crushed the Janissaries and initiated reforms on Western precedents | 46 | |
| 4403431970 | Muhammad Ali | controlled Egypt following the French withdrawal; began a modernization process based on Western models, but failed to greatly change Egypt | 47 | |
| 4403435996 | Suez Canal | built to link the Mediterranean and Read seas; opened in 1869 | 48 | |
| 4403440063 | Opium War | fought between Britain and Qing China beginning in 1839 to protect the British trade in opium; British victory demonstrated Western superiority in China | 49 | |
| 4403445831 | Boxer Rebellion | popular outburst aimed at expelling foreigners from China; put down by intervention of the Western powers | 50 | |
| 4403450407 | Holy Alliance | alliance between Russia, Prussia, and Austria in defense of the established order; formed by the most conservative monarchies of Europe during the Congress of Vienna | 51 | |
| 4403455635 | Decembrist Uprising | unsuccessful 1825 political revolt in Russia by mid-level army officers advocating reforms | 52 | |
| 4403460399 | Crimean War | began with a Russian attack on the Ottoman Empire; France and Britain joined on the Ottoman side; resulted in a Russian defeat because of the Western industrial might | 53 | |
| 4403467250 | Trans-Siberian Railroad | constructed during the 1870s and 1880s to connect European Russia with the Pacific; increased the Russian role in Asia | 54 | |
| 4403472820 | Russo-Japanese War | 1904; Russian expansion into northern CHina leads to war; rapid Japanese victory followed | 55 | |
| 4403477053 | Bolsheviks | literally the majority party, but actually a minority group; the most radical branch of the Russian Marxist movement; led by Lenin | 56 | |
| 4403485326 | Archduke Ferdinand | Austro-Hungarian heir to the throne assassinated at Sarajevo in 1914; POP POP SOFIAAAAAA!!!!! | 57 | |
| 4403490980 | Western Front | war line between Belgium and Switzerland during WWI; Featured trench warfare | 58 | |
| 4403493485 | Eastern Front | war zone from the Baltic to the Balkans where Germans, Austro-Hungarians, Russians and Balkan nation fought | 59 | |
| 4403498619 | Gallipoli | WWI battle, 1915; unsuccessful attempt in defense of the Dardanelles | 60 | |
| 4403500930 | Armenian Genocide | launched by Young Turk Leaders in 1915; claimed up to one million lives | 61 | |
| 4403505309 | Submarine Warfare | a major part of the German naval effort against the Allies during the WWI; when employed against the US it precipitated American participation in the war | 62 | |
| 4403514653 | Armistice | November 11, 1918 agreement by Germans to suspend hostilities | 63 | |
| 4403516158 | Woodrow Wilson | American president who called for self-determination and the League of Nations | 64 | |
| 4403518713 | Treaty of Versailles | ended WWI; punished Germany with loss of territory and payment of reparations; did not satisfy any of the signatories | 65 | |
| 4403521662 | Rowlatt Acts | placed severe restrictions on Indian civil rights; undercut impact of the MontaguChelmsford reforms | 66 | |
| 4403530092 | Mandates | governments entrusted to victorious European WWI nations over the colonies of the defeated powers | 67 | |
| 4403533012 | Zionism | European Jewish movement of the 1860s and 1870s that argued that Jews return to their Holy Land; eventually identified with settlement in Palestine | 68 | |
| 4403537996 | Fascism | political ideology that became predominant in Italy under Benito Mussolini during the 1920s; attacked the weakness of democracy and the corruption and class conflict of capitalism; promised vigorous foreign and military programs | 69 | |
| 4403543800 | Henry Ford | introduced the assembly line in 1913; allowed semiskilled workers to put products together through repetitive operations | 70 | |
| 4403547735 | Soviet | council of workers; seized government of St. Petersburg in 1917 to precipitate the Russian Revolution | 71 | |
| 4403552561 | Aleksander Kerensky | liberal revolutionary leader during the early stages of the Russian Revolution of 1917 | 72 | |
| 4403559473 | Supreme Soviet | communist-controlled parliament of the U.S.S.R. | 73 | |
| 4403560945 | Joseph Stalin | Lenin's successor as leader of the USSR; strong nationalist view of communism; crushed opposition to his predominance | 74 | |
| 4403564476 | May Fourth Movement | acceptance at Versailles of Japanese gains in China during WWI led to demonstrations and the beginning of a movement to create a liberal democracy | 75 | |
| 4403568795 | Chiang Kai-shek | leader of the Guomindang from 1925; contested with the communists for control of China until defeated in 1949 | 76 | |
| 4403573509 | Mao Zedong | Communist leader who advocated the role of the peasantry in revolution; led Communists to victory and ruled China from 1949 to 1976 | 77 | |
| 4403579850 | Long March | Communist retreat under Guomindang pressure in 1934; shifted center of communist power to Shanxi province | 78 | |
| 4403583075 | Totalitarian State | a 20th century form of government that exercised direct control over all aspects of its subjects; existed in Italy, Germany and USSR | 79 | |
| 4403587446 | New Deal | President Franklin Roosevelt's program to combat economic depression | 80 | |
| 4403589441 | Gestapo | German secret police under Hitler's Nazi regime | 81 | |
| 4403592536 | Spanish Civil War | civil war between republican and autocratic supporters in Spain | 82 | |
| 4403596376 | Nazi Party | founded by Adolf Hitler in the period of the Great Depression in Germany | 83 | |
| 4403597582 | Blitzkrieg | German term meaning lightning warfare | 84 | |
| 4403599446 | Battle of Britain | British defeat of the Nazi air offensive | 85 | |
| 4403600724 | Holocaust | Germany's attempted extermination of European Jews and others; 12 million, including 6 million Jews died | 86 | |
| 4403604284 | Battle of the Bulge | Failed Nazi effort in 1943-1945 to repel invading allied armies | 87 | |
| 4403606484 | Pearl Harbor | American naval base in Hawaii attacked by Japan in December 1941 | 88 | |
| 4403608459 | United Nations | Global organization, founded by the Allies following WWII | 89 | |
| 4403609908 | Muslim League | Indian organization that emerged at the end of WWII; backed Britain in the war | 90 | |
| 4403614001 | Cold War | struggle from 1945 to 1989 between the communist and democratic worlds; ended with the collapse of Russia | 91 | |
| 4403617314 | Harry Truman | US president who presided over the end of WWII and the beginnings of the cold war | 92 | |
| 4403620394 | Iron Curtain | term coined by Churchill to describe the divisions between the Western and communist nations | 93 | |
| 4403625453 | Marshall Plan | 1947 US program to rebuild Europe and defeat domestic communist movements | 94 | |
| 4403627785 | Warsaw Pact | the Soviet response to NATO; made up of Soviets and their European satellites | 95 | |
| 4403645574 | Green Movement | rise during the 1970s in Europe of groups hostile to uncontrolled economic growth | 96 | |
| 4403648028 | New Feminism | a wave of agitation for women's rights dating from about 1949; emphasized equality between sexes | 97 | |
| 4403652944 | Third World | term for nations not among the capitalist industrial nations of the first world or the industrialized communist nations of the second world | 98 | |
| 4403655836 | Liberation theology | combination of Roman Catholic and socialist principles aiming to improve the lives of the poor | 99 | |
| 4403658670 | Favelas | Brazilian term for shantytowns | 100 | |
| 4403665708 | Neocolonialism | continued dominance of new nations by their former rulers | 101 | |
| 4403667184 | Apartheid | Afrikaner policy of racial segregation in South Africa designed to create full economic, social, and political exploitation of African majority | 102 | |
| 4403672410 | Nelson Mandela | ANC leader imprisoned by AFrikaner regime; released in 1990 and elected president of South Africa in 1994 | 103 |
