Terms : Hide Images
| 215354580 | polygamy | the practice of having more than one wife at a time | 0 | |
| 215354581 | Hopewell culture | Native American society that flourished from about 200 BC until 400 CE, noted for large burial mounds and manufacturing on a large scale | 1 | |
| 215354582 | El Nino | periodic changes in water teperature at the surfaceof the Pacific Ocean that can lead to environmental changes. May have led to the collapse of the Moche civilization in modern Peru | 2 | |
| 215354583 | Amerindians | the earliest inhabitants of the Americas, theories suggest they migrated from Siberia across the Bering Land Bridge or by sea from regions of the South Pacific | 3 | |
| 215354584 | quipu | an Inca record-keeping system that used knotted strings rather than writing | 4 | |
| 215354585 | chinampas | in Mesoamerica, artificial islands crisscrossed by canals that provided water for crops and easy transportation to local markets | 5 | |
| 215354586 | calpulli | in Aztec society, a kinship group, often of one thousand or more that served as an intermediary with the central government. Each provided taxes and conscript labor to the state | 6 | |
| 220173948 | Hadith | a collection of the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, used to supplement the revelations contained in the Qur'an | 7 | |
| 220173949 | imam | an Islamic religious leader. Some traditions say there is only one per generation; others use the term more broadly. | 8 | |
| 220173950 | jihad | in Islam means "striving in the way of the Lord." From the practice of conducting raids against local neighbors to the conduct of "holy war" against unbelievers. | 9 | |
| 220173951 | majlis | a council of elders among the Bedouins of the Roman era | 10 | |
| 220173952 | mihrab | the niche in a mosque's wall that indicates the direction of Mecca, usually containing an ornately decorated panel representing Allah. | 11 | |
| 220173953 | muezzin | the man who calls Muslims to prayer at the appointed times | 12 | |
| 220173954 | Shari'a | a law code originally drawn up by Muslim scholars shortly after the death of Muhammad. Provides believers with a set of prescriptions to regulate their daily lives. | 13 | |
| 220173955 | sheikh | origionally was the ruler of a Bedouin tribe | 14 | |
| 220173956 | ulama | a convocation of leading Muslim scholars drew up a law code (the Shari'a) based largely on the Qur'an and the sayings of the Prophet, to provide believers with a set of prescriptions to regulate their daily lives. | 15 | |
| 220173957 | umma | the Muslim community as a whole | 16 | |
| 220173958 | vizier (or vezir) | the prime minister in the Abbasid caliphate and elsewhere. Basically a chief executive | 17 | |
| 220173959 | Bedouins | nomadic tribes originally from northern Arabia who became important traders after the domestication of the camel. Early converts to Islam, their values and practices deeply affected Muhammad. | 18 | |
| 220173960 | Caliph | the secular leader of the Islamic community | 19 | |
| 220173961 | Crusade | in the Middle Ages; a military campaign in defense of Christendom | 20 | |
| 220173962 | Emir | "commander" in Arabic; title used by Muslim rulers in southern Spain and elsewhere | 21 | |
| 220173963 | Five Pillars of Islam | the core requirements of the faith, observation of which would lead to paradise. Belief in Allah and his prophet; prescribed prayers; observation of Ramadan; pilgrimage to Mecca; and giving alms to the poor | 22 | |
| 220173964 | Hegira | the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622, which marks the first date on the official calendar of Islam | 23 | |
| 220173965 | Ramadan | the holy month of Islam. Believers fast from dawn to sunset; because the Islamic calendar is lunar, Ramadan migrates through the seasons | 24 | |
| 220173966 | Shi'ite | the second largest tradition of Islam. It split from the majority Sunni soon after Muhammad's death because of a disagreement over his succession | 25 | |
| 220173967 | Sufism | a mystical school of Islam. It's noted for its music, dance, and poetry. Became prominent in about the 13th century | 26 | |
| 220173968 | Sunni | the largest tradition of Islam from which the Shi'ites split from after Muhammad's death due to their disagreement over who should succeed him. | 27 | |
| 234342691 | bard | in Africa, a professional storyteller. | 28 | |
| 234342692 | Berbers | an ethnic group indigenous to western North Africa | 29 | |
| 234342693 | coptic | a form of Christianity that has thrived in Ethiopia since the 300s CE. | 30 | |
| 234342694 | lineage group | the descendants of a common ancestor; relatives | 31 | |
| 234342695 | matrilinear | passing through the female line - for example, from a father to his sister's son - as practiced in some African societies | 32 | |
| 234342696 | Nok culture | in northern Nigeria, one of the most active iron working societies in Africa | 33 | |
| 234342697 | pantheism | a doctrine that equates God with the universe and all that is in it | 34 | |
| 234342698 | patrilinear | passing through the male line, from father to son | 35 | |
| 234342699 | stateless societies | the pre-Columbian communities in much of the Americas who developed substantial cultures without formal nation-states | 36 | |
| 234342700 | Swahili | a mixed African-Arabian culture that developed by the 12th century along the east coast of Africa | 37 | |
| 234342701 | bhakti | devotion as a means of religious observance in Hinduism, open to all persons regardless of class | 38 | |
| 234342702 | purdah | the Indian term for the practice among Muslims and some Hindus of isolating and preventing them from associating with men outside the home | 39 | |
| 234342703 | bodhisattva | in some schools of Buddhism, an individual who has achieved enlightenment but, because of his great compassion, has chosen to renounce Nirvana and to remain on earth in spirit form to help all human beings achieve release from reincarnation | 40 | |
| 234342704 | Mahayana | a school of Buddhism that promotes the idea of universal salvation through the intercession of bodhisattvas | 41 | |
| 234342705 | Theravada | a school of Buddhism that stresses personal behavior and the quest for understanding as a means of release from the wheel of life rather than the intercession of bodhisattvas | 42 | |
| 234342706 | Chan Buddhism | a Chinese sect influenced by Daoist ideas, called for mind training and strict regimen as means of seeking enlightenment | 43 | |
| 234342707 | foot binding | an extremely painful process, common in China throughout the 2nd millenium CE that compressed girls' feet to half their natural size, representing submissiveness and self-discipline, necessary attributes of an ideal wife | 44 | |
| 234342708 | Grand Council | the top of the government hierarchy in the Song dynasty in China | 45 | |
| 234342709 | khanates | Mongol kingdoms, the subdivisions of Genghis Khan's empire ruled by his heirs | 46 | |
| 234342710 | Manichaeanism | an off shoot of the ancient Zorastrian religion, influenced by Christianity. Became popular in the 8th century CE | 47 | |
| 234342711 | Neo-Confucianism | the dominant ideology of China during the 2nd millennium CE. Combined the metaphysical speculations of Buddhism and Daoism with the pragmatic Confucian approach to society, maintaining that the world is real, not illusory, and that fulfillment comes from participation, not withdrawal. Encouraged an intellectual environment that valued continuity over change and tradition over innovation | 48 | |
| 234342712 | Pure Land | a Buddhist sect, originally Chinese but later populate in Japan, that taught that devotion alone could lead to enlightenment and release | 49 | |
| 234342713 | scholar-gentry | in Song dynasty China. candidates who passed the civil service examinations and whose families were non-aristocratic land owners | 50 | |
| 234342714 | School of Mind | a philosophy espoused by Wang Yangming during the mid-Ming era of China, argued that mind and the universe were a single unit and knowledge was therefore obtained through internal self-searching rather than through investigation of the outside world | 51 | |
| 234342715 | Supreme Ultimate | according to Neo-Confucianists, a transcendent world distinct from the material world in which humans live but to which humans may aspire | 52 | |
| 234342716 | Tantrism | a mystical Buddhist sect that emphasized the importance of magical symbols and ritual in seeking a path to enlightenment | 53 | |
| 234342717 | White Lotus | a Chinese Buddhist sect founded in 1133 CE that sought political reform | 54 | |
| 234342718 | bakufu | the centralized government set up in Japan in the 12th century | 55 | |
| 234342719 | eta | in feudal Japan, a class of hereditary slaves who were responsible for what were considered degrading occupations like curing leather and burying the dead | 56 | |
| 234342720 | genin | landless laborers in feudal Japan who were effectively slaves | 57 | |
| 234342721 | Kami | spirits worshipped in early Japan that resided in trees, rivers, and streams | 58 | |
| 234342722 | satori | enlightenment in the Japanese Buddhist tradition | 59 | |
| 234342723 | uji | a clan in early Japanese tribal society | 60 | |
| 234342724 | Bonsai | the cultivation of stunted trees and shrubs to create exquisite nature scenes in miniature. Originating in China in the first millennium BC | 61 | |
| 234342725 | Bushido | the code of conduct observed by samurai warriors, similar too the European concept of chivalry | 62 | |
| 234342726 | Daimyo | prominent Japanese families who provided allegiance to the local shogun in exchange for protection, similar to vassals in Europe | 63 | |
| 234342727 | Shinto | a kind of state religion on Japan, derived from beliefs in nature spirits and linked with belief in the divinity of the emperor and the sacredness of the Japanese nation | 64 | |
| 234342728 | Shogun | a powerful Japanese leader who ruled under the titular authority of the emperor | 65 | |
| 234342729 | shogunate system | the system of government in Japan in which the emperor exercised only titular authority while the shogun exercised actual political power | 66 | |
| 234342730 | Taika | reforms the 7th century "great change" reforms that established the centralized Japanese state | 67 | |
| 234342731 | Zen | a school of Buddhism particularly important in Japan, some of whose adherents stress that enlightenment (satori) can be achieved suddenly, though others emphasize lengthy meditation | 68 |
