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| 8342195438 | Mawali | Non Arab converts to Islam; still had to pay property taxes and jizya (head tax paid by non-believers); received no share of the booty and found it difficult to get important roles in society; not considered full members of the umma | 0 | |
| 8342208914 | Umayyad | A Clan of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; they established themselves as the rulers of Islam from 661 to 750; the clan in which Muhammad was born; started military campaign to spread Islam beyond Arabian Peninsula; shifted political capital to Damascus and built a bureaucracy; Caliphs fell victim to addiction of luxury and easy living; fell to Abbasids | 1 | |
| 8342214260 | Bedouin | A culture based on the camel and goat nomads of the Arabian peninsula; early converts to Islam; organized by clans and family; clans often fought bloody battles with one another; pivotal roles in the emergence of Islam | 2 | |
| 8342224034 | Mecca | City located in the mountainous region along the Red Sea in the Arabian Peninsula; founded by Umayyad clan of Quraysh; site of Ka'ba; where the prophet Muhammad was born; location of cheif religious pilgrimage point in Islam; trading city that flourished; would become the holy city for Muslims | 3 | |
| 8342230648 | Ka'ba | A religious shrine located in Mecca; Pre Islam, it was a focus for the annual truce among bedouin tribes; later became an important shrine for Islam. | 4 | |
| 8342236849 | Qur'an | The holy book of Islam that include Muhammad's teachings and revelations. | 5 | |
| 8342236850 | Hajj | One of Islam's five pillars of faith; a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your life if you are financially and physically able. | 6 | |
| 8342241264 | Abbasids | The dynasty that came after the Umayyads as caliphs of Islam. They move the capital to Baghdad and create a dynasty from there. | 7 | |
| 8342249248 | Sunni | The division of Islam that supported the Umayyads | 8 | |
| 8342253261 | Shi'a | The division of Islam that supported Ali, and believed that all caliphs before him should not be recognized as successors of Muhammad. | 9 | |
| 8342270281 | Ulama | Islamic Orthodox religious scholars; valued more conservative and restricted theologies; opposed non-Islamic ideas and thinking. | 10 | |
| 8342270282 | Chinggis Khan | elected khagan of Mongols in 1206; responsible for uniting the Mongols and the conquest of China's northern kingdoms; held territories as far west as the Abbasids; died 1227 prior to the conquest of most of the Islamic world. | 11 | |
| 8342281882 | Harun al-Rashid | Known as one of the greatest Islamic rulers of the Abbasids; ascended to throne after the poisoning of al-Mahdi's son; r. 786 - 809. | 12 | |
| 8342286083 | Mongols | Nomadic peoples formed from Central Asia; responsible for conquering Turko-Persian kingdoms and the capturing of Baghdad in 1258; killed the last Abbasid caliph. | 13 | |
| 8342286084 | Bhaktic Cult | Hindu groups who dedicated themselves to gods and goddesses; valued strong emotional bonds between devotees and the god/goddesses; widely worshipped gods include Shiva and Vishnu; membership was open to all (including women and untouchables). | 14 | |
| 8342290856 | Sati | a practice in India where the widow is expected to sacrifice herself of her late husband's body, often done by burning; used for reference by many historians when determining the role of women in early Indian society. | 15 | |
| 8342290857 | Saladin | Muslim leader toward the end of the 12th century; reconquered crusader areas for Islam; responsible for the attempted treaty between the crusaders and Islam after the 3rd crusade. | 16 | |
| 8342297809 | Sufis | **will be here shortly | 17 | |
| 8342297810 | Crusades | series of attempted military conquests with the original purpose of recapturing the Holy Land of Jerusalem; first called for in 1095 by Pope Urban II; temporary success in capturing Jerusalem and establishing kingdoms; later used for commercial wars and getting rid of opposite beliefs; mostly a complete fail for the crusaders. | 18 | |
| 8342303971 | Sultana of Delhi | **will be here shortly | 19 | |
| 8342361703 | Juula | Malinke merchants; formed small partnerships to carry out trade throughout Mali Empire; eventually spread throughout much of west Africa | 20 | |
| 8342361704 | Ibn Batuta | Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records; reported: "Of all peoples, the Blacks are those who most hate injustice, and their emperor pardons none who is guilty of it."; born 1304 | 21 | |
| 8342366298 | Muhammad the Great | Extended the boundaries of the Songhay Empire; Islamic ruler of the mid-16th century; Songhay dominated the central Sudan during his rule | 22 | |
| 8342366299 | Berbers | **will be here shortly | 23 | |
| 8342372249 | Bantu | **will be here shortly | 24 | |
| 8342376432 | Timbuktu | **will be here shortly | 25 | |
| 8342376433 | Great Zimbabwe | **will be here shortly | 26 | |
| 8342380379 | Mali | **will be here shortly | 27 | |
| 8342380380 | Sudanic States | **will be here shortly | 28 | |
| 8342386030 | Mansa Musa | **will be here shortly | 29 | |
| 8342405600 | Byzantine Empire | **will be here shortly | 30 | |
| 8342405601 | Constantinople | **will be here shortly | 31 | |
| 8342410765 | Boyars | **will be here shortly | 32 | |
| 8342410766 | Hagia Sophia | **will be here shortly | 33 | |
| 8342418361 | Roman Legal Code | **will be here shortly | 34 | |
| 8342418362 | Justinian | **will be here shortly | 35 | |
| 8342422544 | Sassanian Empire | **will be here shortly | 36 | |
| 8342422545 | Cyril and Methodius | **will be here shortly | 37 | |
| 8342425564 | Russian Orthodox | **will be here shortly | 38 | |
| 8342425565 | Tartars | **will be here shortly | 39 | |
| 8342434035 | Three Estates | the three social groups in Western countries, also represented by parliament; church, nobles and urban leaders. | 40 | |
| 8342437820 | Scholasticism | the dominant medieval approach to philosophy; named because of base in schools; uses logic to resolve theological problems | 41 | |
| 8342442164 | Magna Carta | "Great Charter" made by King John of England, 1215; confirmed feudal rights; limitations & obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy | 42 | |
| 8342447108 | Charlemagne | **will be here shortly | 43 | |
| 8342450469 | Three-field System | **will be here shortly | 44 | |
| 8342450470 | Manorialism | **will be here shortly | 45 | |
| 8342453781 | Romanesque | **will be here shortly | 46 | |
| 8342457420 | Pope Urban II | **will be here shortly | 47 | |
| 8342460811 | Vikings | **will be here shortly | 48 | |
| 8342464184 | Ferdinand & Isabella | **will be here shortly | 49 |
