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| 249749927 | mongols | mentioned as early of the records of the Tang Empire; living as nomads in nothern Europe; establised an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Asia | 0 | |
| 249749928 | Genghis khan | the title of Temujin when he ruled the Mongols; founder of the Mongol Empire | 1 | |
| 249749929 | nomadism | a way of life, forced by a sacrity of resources, in which groups of people continually migrate to find pastures and water | 2 | |
| 249749930 | Yuan Empire | empire created in China and Siberia by Khubilai Khan | 3 | |
| 249749931 | bubonic plague | a bacterial disease of fleas that can be transmitted by flea bites to rodents and humans | 4 | |
| 249749932 | Il-khan | a "secondary" khan based in Persia; controlled much of Iran and Iraq | 5 | |
| 249749933 | Golden Horde | Mongol khanate founded by Genghis khan's grandson Batu; based in southern Russia; quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam | 6 | |
| 249749934 | Timur | member of a prominent family of the Mongols' Jagadai Khanate; through conquest, gained control over much of Central Asia and Iran; Sunni Islam; descendants maintained empire for a century and founded the Mughal Empire in India | 7 | |
| 249749935 | Rashid al-Din | adviser to the ll-khan ruler Ghazan, who converted to Islam on Rashid's advice | 8 | |
| 249749936 | Nasir al-Din Tusi | Persian mathematician and cosmologist whose academy near Tabriz provided the model for the movement of the planets that helped to inspire the Copernican model of the solar system | 9 | |
| 249749937 | Alexander Nevskii | Prince of Novgorod; submitted to the invading Mongols in 1240 and recieved recognition as the leader of the Russian princes under the Golden Horde | 10 | |
| 249749938 | tsar(czar) | from latin caesar, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III | 11 | |
| 249749939 | Ottoman Empire | Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia | 12 | |
| 249749940 | Khubilai Khan | last of the Mongol Great Khans and founder of the Yuan Empire | 13 | |
| 249749941 | lama | In Tibetan Buddhism , a teacher | 14 | |
| 249749942 | Bejing | China's northern capital, first used as an imperial capital and now the capital of the People's Republic of China | 15 | |
| 249749943 | Ming Empire | empire based in China that Zhu Yuanzhang establised after the overthrow of the Yuan Empire. Emperor Yongle sponsered building of the Forbidden City | 16 | |
| 249749944 | Yongle | the 3rd emperor of the Ming Empire; sponsered building of the Forbidden City, a huge encyclopedia project, the expeditions of Zheng He, and the reopening of China's borders to trade and travel | 17 | |
| 249749945 | Zheng He | an imperial eunuch and Muslim entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from SE Asia to Africa | 18 | |
| 249749946 | Yi | The Yi dynasty ruled Korea from the fall of the Koryo kingdom to the colonization of Korea by Japan | 19 | |
| 249749947 | kamikaze | the "divine wind", which the Japanese credited with blowing Mongol invaders away from their shores | 20 | |
| 249749948 | Ashikaga Shogunate | the second of Japan's miltary governments headed by the shogun(Military ruler) | 21 | |
| 249749949 | Ibn Battuta | Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. Wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan | 22 | |
| 249749950 | tropics | equatorial region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn | 23 | |
| 249749951 | monsoon | seasonal winds in the Indian Ocean caused by the differences in temperature | 24 | |
| 249749952 | Delhi Sultanate | centralized Indian empire of varying extent, created by Muslim invaders | 25 | |
| 249749953 | Mali | Empire created by indigenous Muslims in Western Sudan od West Africa from 13th to 15th century. Famous for its role in the Trans-Saharan gold trade | 26 | |
| 249749954 | Mansa Kankan Musa | ruler of Mali. Pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca established the empire's reputaion for wealth in the Mediterranean world | 27 | |
| 249749955 | Gujarat | region of western India famous for trade and manufacturing; the inhabitors are called Gujaratis | 28 | |
| 249749956 | dhows | Characteristic cargo and passenger ships of the Arabian Sea | 29 | |
| 249749957 | Swahili Coast | East African shores of the Indian Ocean b/w the Horn of Africa and the Zambezi RIver; in Arabic, means "Shores" | 30 | |
| 249749958 | Great Zimbabwe | city, now in ruins whose many stone structures were built b/w 1250 qnd 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state | 31 | |
| 249749959 | Aden | Port city in the modern south Arabian country of Yemen. Has been a major trading center in the Indian Ocean since ancient times | 32 | |
| 249749960 | Malacca | Port city in the modern SE Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Malacca | 33 | |
| 249749961 | Urdu | A Persian-influenced literary form of Hindi written in Arabic characters and used as a literary language since the 1300s. | 34 | |
| 249749962 | Timbuktu | City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. founded by Tuareg as a seasonal camp; became a major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning; part of Mali Empire | 35 | |
| 249749963 | Latin West | Historians' name for the territories of Europe that adhered to the Latin rite of Christianity and used the Latin language for intellectual exchange | 36 | |
| 249749964 | three-field system | a rotational system for agriculture in which two fields grow food crops and one lies fallow. Gradualy replaced the two-field system in Medival Europe | 37 | |
| 249749965 | Black Death | An outbreak of the bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-14th centurym carrying off vast numbers of people | 38 | |
| 249749966 | water wheel | a mechanism that harnesses the energy in flowing water to grind grain or to power machinery | 39 | |
| 249749967 | Hanseatic League | an economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany; most powerful in 14th century | 40 | |
| 249749968 | guild | In medival Europe, a group of men(merchants, artisans, or professors), who worked in a particular trade and banded together to promote their economic and political interests; worked to regulate buisness practices and set prices | 41 | |
| 249749969 | Gothic cathedrals | large churches originating in 12 century France | 42 | |
| 249749970 | Renaissance(European) | a period of intense artistic and intellectual activity; "rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture; began in Italy and later spread to northern Europe | 43 | |
| 249749971 | universities | Degree-granting institutions of higher learning | 44 | |
| 249749972 | scholasticism | a philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in the 13th century | 45 | |
| 249749973 | humanists(Renaissance) | European scholars, writers, and teachers associated with the study of the humanities(grammer, rhetoric, poetry, history, languages, moral philosophy) | 46 | |
| 249749974 | printing press | a mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a wood-block or type to paper using ink. process using movable type first appeared in Europe around 1450 | 47 | |
| 249749975 | Great Western Schism | A division in the Latin(W) Christian Church, when rival claimants to the papacy existed in Rome and Avignon | 48 | |
| 249749976 | Hundred Years War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving the English and French royal families and the French noble families | 49 | |
| 249749977 | new monarchies | Historians' term for the monarchs in France, England, and Spain. The centralization of royal power was increasing within more or less fixed territorial limits | 50 | |
| 249749978 | reconquest of Iberia | Beginning in the 11th century, military campaigns by various Iberian Christian states to recapture territory taken by Muslims; last Muslim ruler was defeated and Spain and Portugal emerged as united kingdoms | 51 |
