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| 11873542792 | Ulama | Scholars and experts in Islamic law. | 0 | |
| 11873542793 | Kangxi | One of China's longest reigning emperors, presided over a period of stability and expansion in China. | 1 | |
| 11873542794 | Shariah Law | A system of Islamic jurisprudence that deals with all aspects of life, such as criminal justice, marital laws, and issues of inheritance, to name but a few. | 2 | |
| 11873542795 | Tibet | The mountainous land north of India. | 3 | |
| 11873542796 | Harem | A residence where a man's wives and concubines lived. | 4 | |
| 11873542797 | Emperor Qianlong | Sixth emperor of the Qing dynasty. A poet, who was knowledgeable in art and calligraphy. He limited trading privileges to the European powers by confining them to Guangzhou (also known as Canton). | 5 | |
| 11873542798 | Taj Mahal | Built by Shah Jahan as a tomb for his wife. Located in India. | 6 | |
| 11873542799 | White Lotus Rebellion | During the later part of Qianlong's reign, the traditionally efficient Chinese bureaucracy became corrupt, levying high taxes on the people. In response to these high taxes and a desire to restore the Ming Dynasty, a group of peasants organized this rebellion (1796-1804). The Qing government suppressed the uprising brutally, killing around 100,000. | 7 | |
| 11873542800 | Gunpowder Empires | Muslim empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and the Mughals that employed cannonry (cannon and artillery) and gunpowder to advance their military causes. | 8 | |
| 11873542801 | Oda Nobunaga | First of the powerful Japanese Daimyo. Armed with muskets purchased from Portuguese trades, him and his samurai took over Kyoto in 1568. He then began to extend his power, forcing daimyo in the lands around Kyoto to submit. He had unified about one-third of what is today Japan when he was assassinated in 1582. | 9 | |
| 11873542802 | Tamerlane | a Mongol-Turkic ruler of the late fourteenth century, set the stage for the rise of the Turkic empires. Leading an army partly composed of nomadic invaders from the broad steppes of Eurasia, moved out from the trading city of Samarkand (in modern day Uzbekistan) to make ruthless conquests in Persia (modern-day Iran) and India. | 10 | |
| 11873542803 | Toyotomi Hideyoshi | Successor to Oda Nobunaga, continued expanding the territory until most of what we now know as Japan was under his control. After his death in 1598, the center of power shifted to the city of Edo (Tokyo), controlled by the daimyo Tokugawa Ieyasu (ruled 1600-1616), who was declared shogun in 1603. | 11 | |
| 11873542804 | Samarkand | During the rule of Timur Lane was the most influential capital city, a wealthy trading center known for decorated mosques and tombs. | 12 | |
| 11873542805 | Tokugawa Shogunate | Set about reorganizing the governance of Japan in order to centralize control over what was essentially a feudal system. Japan was divided into 250 hans each of which was controlled by a daimyo who had his own army and was fairly independent. However, they required that daimyo maintain residences both in their home territory and also in the capital; if the daimyo himself was visiting his home territory, his family had to stay in Tokyo, essentially as hostages. This kept the daimyo under control of the shogunate, reducing them to landowners who managed the hans, rather than independent leaders. | 13 | |
| 11873542806 | Ottoman Empire | Was the largest and most enduring of the great Islamic empires of it's time. Founded by the Osman Dynasty in the 1300s, the empire lasted until its defeat in 1918 by the Allies in World War I. Thus, a single dynasty controlled the empire for over 600 years. | 14 | |
| 11873542807 | Hans | Approximately 250 domains into which Japan was divided under the Tokugawa Shogunate. | 15 | |
| 11873542808 | Mehmed II | Also known as "the Conqueror," he firmly established the empires capital after his forces besieged Constantinople (once the center of the Byzantine Empire) in 1453. | 16 | |
| 11873542809 | Hermit Kingdom | Except for its close links with China, Korea largely remained isolated from the rest of the world earning this title. | 17 | |
| 11873542810 | Topkapi Palace | The royal residence of the sultans which began construction during the reign of Mehmed II. | 18 | |
| 11873542811 | Daimyo | Japan's feudal large landowners, landowning aristocrats. Reported to the Shogun. | 19 | |
| 11873542812 | Suleiman | Ottoman sultan who brought the Ottoman Empire to its peak (ruled 1520-1566). His armies overran Hungary in in 1526 and, by 1529, were hammering at the gates of Vienna, the main city in Austria. | 20 | |
| 11873542813 | Viziers | Strong advisers to Ottoman Sultans who came to occupy influential positions in government in the Ottoman Empire. | 21 | |
| 11873542814 | Battle of Lepanto | After Suleiman's death, a European force made up of mostly of Spaniards and Venetians defeated the ottomans in a great naval conflict. | 22 | |
| 11873542815 | Safavids | This dynasty was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history. The shahs ruled over this Gunpowder Empire. | 23 | |
| 11873542816 | Ismail | An early Safavid military hero who's ethnic background is much disputed, conquered most of Persia and pushed into Iraq. | 24 | |
| 11873542817 | Shah | Safavid equivalent to king or emperor. | 25 | |
| 11873542818 | Shah Abbas | Also known as Abbas the Great (ruled 1587-1627) presided over the Safavid Empire at its height. His troops, which were conscripted in ways similar to the recruitment of the Janissaries in the Ottoman empire, included soldiers from as far northwest as Georgia in Russia. | 26 | |
| 11873542819 | Isfahan | Capital of the Safavid Empire. | 27 | |
| 11873542820 | Akbar | Babur's grandson who brought Mughal rule to most of India. He practiced religious tolerance. For the first 40 years of his rule, he defeated Hindu armies and extended his empire southward and westward. | 28 | |
| 11873542821 | Babur | A descendant of Tamerlane, founded a 300-year dynasty in the 1520s, during a time when India was in disarray. He completed conquests in northern India and, under the new Mughal name, formed a central government similar to those of Suleiman in Turkey and Ivan the Terrible in Russia. | 29 | |
| 11873542822 | Shah Jahan | Mughal ruler (1627-1658) who built the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife. | 30 | |
| 11873542823 | Aurangzeb | Shah Jahan's son and successor (ruled 1658-1707), inherited an empire weakened by corruption and the failure to keep up with the military innovations of external enemies. Nevertheless he hoped to increase the size of the empire and bring all of India under Muslim rule. | 31 | |
| 11873542824 | Barbary Pirates | Plundering pirates off the Mediterranean coast of Africa; President Thomas Jefferson's refusal to pay them tribute to protect American ships sparked an undeclared naval war with North African nations. | 32 | |
| 11873542825 | Grand Bazaar | A giant complex of buildings that is a reminder of Istanbul's commercial hub and has over 5,000 shops. | 33 | |
| 11873542826 | Devshirme | Ottoman policy of taking boys from Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers. | 34 | |
| 11873542827 | Janissaries | Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826. | 35 | |
| 11873542828 | Jesuits | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. | 36 | |
| 11873542829 | Haiku | A Japanese form of poetry, consisting of three un-rhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables. | 37 | |
| 11873542830 | Kabuki Theater | A popular form of Japanese drama that brings together dialogue, dance, and music to tell stories. The actors wear colorful costumes and dramatic makeup. | 38 | |
| 11873542831 | Guangzhou | A coastal city in southeastern China, also known as Canton. The Qing Dynasty sold limited trading privileges to the European powers here. | 39 | |
| 11873542832 | Proto-Industrial | Meaning that although some industry existed, the vast majority of people still worked on farms. | 40 | |
| 11873542833 | Qing Dynasty | The last imperial dynasty of China (1644-1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries. Also known for its extreme isolationism. | 41 | |
| 11873542834 | Forbidden City | Built in the Ming Dynasty, was a stunning monument in Bejing built for Yonglo. All commoners and foreigners were forbidden to enter without special permission. Members of the royal family lived here away from the general population of the Ming Dynasty. | 42 |
