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| 5752905699 | Bartholome de las Casas | protested mistreatment of Indians in encomienda system; suggest African slaves should be used instead | 0 | |
| 5752905700 | Sociedad de castas | a social hierarchy that developed when multiracial societies are created consisting of Europeans, Indians, and Africans | 1 | |
| 5752905701 | viceroyalties | authority in colony on behalf of the king; start to replace conquistadors and encomienda system | 2 | |
| 5752905702 | encomienda system | grants from Spanish crown that gave natives to Europeans, Europeans were responsible for the natives, were to Christianize them, and could use them for labor, REALITY they were abused, not paid, and died in huge numbers | 3 | |
| 5752905703 | mita system | mandatory labor with small salaries (usually in silver mines), requires adult male Amerindians to work 2-4 months a year for Spanish, from an old Inca system of conscription labor | 4 | |
| 5752905704 | silver | silver mines required native forced labor, silver caused inflation in Spanish economy, most of the silver stayed in the New World | 5 | |
| 5752905705 | Potosi | located in Peru, where the largest silver mine is found | 6 | |
| 5752905706 | War of Spanish Succession | Charles II (last Hapsburg) died without an hier, French grand-nephew Philip of Anjou (Bourbon) named as hier in will, HRE and England fearful that Spain and France will be united under one Bourbon monarch | 7 | |
| 5752905707 | Bourbon Reforms | intended to strengthen the economy and make colonial governements more efficient, desire to revitalize Spain and make it a strong govt and economy, Remove groups that halted progress such as the Jesuits | 8 | |
| 5752905708 | Minas Gerais | where gold is found and then diamonds later, stimulates economy, increases need for slaves; the reason why we see slavery in Brazil | 9 | |
| 5752905709 | Pombaline Reforms | Marquis of Pombal wanted to increase Portugese economy by instituting economic reforms, stopped slavery in Portugal to ensure steady stream of slaves to Brazil only; in the end it reduced Portugal's trade imbalance with England | 10 | |
| 5752905710 | new spain | a colonial territory of the Spanish Empire, in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama. It was established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521, and following additional conquests, it was made a viceroyalty | 11 | |
| 5752905711 | Nzinga Mvemba | the first African king to collaborate with Europeans and converts to Christianity; made the region of Kongo Christian with Portugese support | 12 | |
| 5752905712 | Senegambia | the region where initially slaves were mostly taken | 13 | |
| 5752905713 | West Central Africa | where slaves are primarily taken later on | 14 | |
| 5752905714 | Middle Passage | 12 million Africans shipped across the Atlantic, mortality rate on slave ships around 15-20%, mortality was high and fertility was low, cargo sizes varied, and incredibly traumatic | 15 | |
| 5752905715 | Triangular trade | European manufactured guns to Africans for slaves, Slaves transported from Africa to Americas, Slaves produce goods that are traded to Europe; made emerging capitalism central to Atlantic world | 16 | |
| 5752905716 | saltwater slaves | African-born slaves | 17 | |
| 5752905717 | creole slaves | American-born descendants of African slaves | 18 | |
| 5752905718 | Gun and slave cycle | Increase firepower allowed African states to expand over neighbors, producing more slaves, which they traded for European guns; resulted in unending warfare and disruption of societies through slave trade | 19 | |
| 5752905719 | Mfecane | Result of African Unification Process; period of chaos among the indigenous African communities in southern Africa; multiple civil wars and chaos between tribes | 20 | |
| 5752905720 | Angolo-Zulu Wars of 1879 | Battle between British Empire and Zulu Kingdom; despite some Zulu wins, the war resulted in a British victory and the end of the Zulu's kingdom's independence | 21 | |
| 5752905721 | Trans-Saharan, Red Sea, and East African Trade Routes | had been trading slaves for centuries throughout the Middle East and Northern Africa | 22 | |
| 5752905722 | El Mina | Dutch seized this region when Portugese no longer monopolize slave trade | 23 | |
| 5752905723 | Plantations | became the focus of African slave life, slaves performed many occupations | 24 | |
| 5752905724 | Janissaries | a class of warriors that were loyal to Sultan only, captured consctripted Christian boys that made up the bulk of the Ottoman infantry, controlled artillery and firearms; the most powerful componenent of the military | 25 | |
| 5752905725 | Constantinople | during this time it's called Istanbul, Ottomans restored this capital, sultans tried to beautify the capital, a commercial center | 26 | |
| 5752905726 | Isma'il | won territory victories and was declared shah (emperor) of the Safavid Empire | 27 | |
| 5752905727 | Battle of Chaldrian | Conflict with Ottoman Empire and Ottoman victory; Shi'ism was blocked from westward advancement | 28 | |
| 5752905728 | Abbas I (Abbas the Great) | Reached height of Safavid's strength and prosperity; wanted empire to be center for international trade and Islamic culture | 29 | |
| 5752905729 | Akbar | a Mughal ruler, had a vision for the empire and wanted to unite all of India, used warrior aristocrats (zamindars) ti run villages in newly established bureacracy | 30 | |
| 5752905730 | Din-i-Ilahi | Akbar invents this new faith, incorporates Islam and Hinduism to unify subjects | 31 | |
| 5752905731 | Taj Mahal | constructed by Shah Jahan as a tomb for Mumtaz Mahal, his most beloved wife | 32 | |
| 5752905732 | Aurangzeb | Shah Jahan's son, wanted to extend Mughal control all over India, wanted to get rid of Hinduism | 33 | |
| 5752905733 | Sikhism | became an anti-Muslim threat, a Hindu/Islam blend without a caste system | 34 | |
| 5752905734 | The Asian Sea Trading Network | Also known as the Indian Ocean Trade; stretched from the Middle East and Africa to East Africa, and was divided into 3 major zones: Arab, Indian, and Chinese | 35 | |
| 5752905735 | Straits of Malacca | One of the major intersections (choke points); able to choose admittance and taxes | 36 | |
| 5752905736 | Ming China | (1368-1644) Founded by Jo Yuanzhang, Neo-Confucian social dominance, declines when northern nomads (Manchus) invades | 37 | |
| 5752905737 | Hongwu | Originally Ju Yuanzhang, a military commander of peasant origins; returned China to Chinese imperial traditions by removing all Mongol influences, emperor of the Ming dynasty | 38 | |
| 5752905738 | Population increase in Ming | New crops introduced from New World, crops also introduced from Southeast Asia, caused commercialization to expand | 39 | |
| 5752905739 | Matteo Ricci and Adam Schall | Jesuit missionaries who targeted emperors and chief advisers using scientific knowledge and technical skills to convert the elite | 40 | |
| 5752905740 | Tokugawa Shogunate | An end to civil wars and start of political unity and centralization to Japan, Shogun is Tokugawa Ieyasu, isolationism was in placed | 41 | |
| 5752905741 | Tokugawa Ieyasu | Wins the contest for succession after Hideyoshi's death, shogun of Tokugawa, uses firearms and forced daimyos to give their land | 42 | |
| 5752905742 | Isolationism | Measures to restrict foreign activities in Japan in order to prevent European conquest such as outlawing Christianity, banning trade, and restricting foreign merchants | 43 | |
| 5752911695 | Christopher Columbus | a Spainish conquistador reached the Americas and thought he was in India; ultimately made 4 voyages | 44 | |
| 5752912341 | East India Trading Companies | joint stock and trade company; amass huge fortunes, created to pursue trade with South Asia and Southeast Asia, not regulated by government | 45 | |
| 5752913128 | Columbian Exchange | exchange between New World and Old World as a result of Columbus's contacts, Concerns: American food spreas plague?, not condoned in bible | 46 | |
| 5752913129 | Mercantilism | an economic theory popular during 17th & 19th; prosperity of anation dependent upon its capital, government should export more than import, use colonies to uport raw material from (minimizes costs) | 47 | |
| 5752914289 | Pope's line of Demarcation | Spain is eager to claim dominion over new land; pain won control of lands discovered west of the line, while Portugal gained rights to new lands to the east. |  | 48 |
| 5752914995 | Battle of Lepanto | Spanish fleet defeats Ottoman fleet; any hope of successful Muslim rivalry ended | 49 | |
| 5752914996 | Seven Years War | Britain and France fight in Europe and America over colonies; Britain wins and France loses alot of territory in the Americas | 50 | |
| 5753184929 | Martin Luther | posted "95 Theses" on church door, believed salvation was obtained only through faith in Christ, NOT on following Church practices; led the Protestant reformation | 51 | |
| 5753185574 | Louis XIV | the longest reigning monarch in history, stopped the French parliament and passed his own laws; a prime example of an absolute monarch | 52 | |
| 5753186936 | Wealth of Nations | laissez-faire (listen to do) economics, people act in self-interest and promote economic advance, government should not be involved in the economy | 53 | |
| 5753187606 | absolutism | absolute monarchy; divine right, strong army, high taxes to support wars, use bureaucracies | 54 | |
| 5753188484 | Protestant Reformation | a major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Its religious aspects were supplemented by ambitious political rulers who wanted to extend their power and control at the expense of the Church | 55 | |
| 5753188485 | Counter Reformation | the Church's response to the Protestant Reformation; goal was to incite Catholic fervor into Europeans, assert personal relationship with Christ through Church | 56 | |
| 5753189436 | Italian Renaissance | challenged medieval-intellectual religious values, focused on humanism (secularism), wealthy city-states funded art | 57 | |
| 5753189437 | Northern Renaissance | intense religious devotion, artists travel to Italy, detailed realism (focus on nature), landscape/genre painting | 58 | |
| 5753190500 | Sicientific Revolution | 17th and 18th centuries: new ideas in science that laid foundations for modern scientific thought, create laws for nature based off of Greek and Islamic science | 59 | |
| 5753190501 | Enlightenment | categoriezes scientific revolution and spreads it; humans are good but education will make them better, reason is the key to truth, religions that rely blindly on faith and don't tolerate diversity are wrong | 60 | |
| 5753528509 | Peter I (Peter the Great) | one of the greatest Tsars in Russia, built up tsarist control over bureaucracy and military, shifts focus of expansion westward, bureaucrats based on merit rather than aristocratic status, revived tax system; known for modernization and westernization of Europe | 61 | |
| 5753530103 | Great Northern War | The war resulted in Sweden losing her imperial possessions in central Europe, and Russia under Peter the Great becoming a major power in the Baltic, secured an ice-free port (warm-water port) on Baltic Sea and created a navy | 62 | |
| 5753531349 | Peter the Great's Westernization | permanently changing Russia and providing a model from which westernization attempts elsewhere were based on. Westernization was used by Peter and his successors to promote Russia's expansionist empire without intending to transform Russia into a truly Western society. ; increased women's status and encouraged western-style attire | 63 | |
| 5753579630 | 1453 | Ottomans capture Constantinople | 64 | |
| 5753580306 | 1492 | Christopher Columbus reached Americas/Spanish Inquisition (Reconquista) | 65 | |
| 5753581925 | 1493 | Pope's Line of Demarcation | 66 | |
| 5753583552 | 1498 | Vasco de Gama reached India | 67 | |
| 5753584599 | 1502 | First African slave arrives in Americas | 68 | |
| 5753586050 | 1514 | Battle of Chaldiran | 69 | |
| 5753586947 | 1517 | Martin Luther posts "95 Theses" | 70 | |
| 5753588435 | 1571 | Battle of Lepanto | 71 | |
| 5753589182 | 1603 | Tokugawa Shogunate founded | 72 | |
| 5753590463 | 1642-1649 | English Civil War | 73 | |
| 5753592878 | 1756-1763 | Seven Years War | 74 | |
| 5753593348 | 1879 | Angolo-Zulu Wars | 75 |
