Terms : Hide Images
| 2464000561 | Venus Figurines | paleolithic carvings of the female form, often with exaggerated features | 0 | |
| 2464000562 | Trance Dance | In San culture, a nightlong ritual held to activate a human being's inner spiritual potency (n/um) to counteract the evil influences of gods and ancestors. | 1 | |
| 2464000563 | Shaman | In many early societies, the belief that a person could act like a bridge between living humans and supernatural forces. | 2 | |
| 2464000564 | San, or Jo/'hoansi | a paleolithic people still living on the northern fringe of the Kalahari desert in southern Africa. | 3 | |
| 2464000565 | Paleolithic "settling down" | The process by which some paleolithic peoples moved toward permanent settlement after the last ice age. Growing inequalities in society. | 4 | |
| 2464000566 | Paleolithic rock art | A term used to describe the paleolithic paintings that usually depict a range of animals. | 5 | |
| 2464000567 | Paleolithic | "Old Stone Age"; the term used to describe early homo sapiens in the period before the development of agriculture. | 6 | |
| 2464000568 | "the original affluent society" | term invented by Marshall Sahlins in 1972 to describe Paleolithic societies | 7 | |
| 2464000569 | n/um | among the San, a spiritual power that protects humans from bad forces of gods and ancestors. | 8 | |
| 2464000570 | Neanderthals | a European version of Homo sapiens that died out about 25,000 years ago. | 9 | |
| 2464000571 | megafaunal extinction (faunal =the animals of a given region considered as a whole) | The dying out of a large number of species at the end of the ice age | 10 | |
| 2464000572 | Jomon Culture | A settled paleolithic culture of prehistoric Japan. Created some of the world's earliest pottery. | 11 | |
| 2464000573 | "insulting the meat" | In San culture, a practice done to deflate pride. Expectation that a successful hunter would criticize his own kill. | 12 | |
| 2464000574 | Ice Age | Cold periods in the world's history. The last Ice Age was around 20,000 years ago. | 13 | |
| 2464000575 | "human revolution" | the term used to describe the transition of humans from acting out of biological importance to culture. | 14 | |
| 2464000576 | Hadza | A people of Northern Tanzania, almost the last surviving Paleolithic society. | 15 | |
| 2464000577 | Great Goddess | According to one theory, a dominant deity of the Paleolithic society. | 16 | |
| 2464000578 | "gathering and hunting peoples" | People who live by collecting food rather than producing it. | 17 | |
| 2464000579 | Flores man | a recently discovered hominid species of Indonesia | 18 | |
| 2464000580 | Dreamtime | A worldview of Australia's Aboriginal people that said that current humans live in a echo of ancestral happenings. | 19 | |
| 2464000581 | Clovis culture | The earliest widespread and distinctive culture of North America. | 20 | |
| 2464000582 | Chumash culture | Paleolithic culture of southern California that survived until the modern era | 21 | |
| 2464000583 | Brotherhood of the Tomol | A craftsmen group that had total control of building and ownership of large canoes or tomols among the Chumash people | 22 | |
| 2464000584 | austronesian migrations | The last phase of the great human migration that made human presence in every livable region of the earth. | 23 | |
| 2464000585 | teosinte | the wild ancestor of maize | 24 | |
| 2464000586 | stateless societies | village based agricultural societies. Functioned without a formal government. | 25 | |
| 2464000587 | "secondary products revolution" | Term used to describe series of technological changes that occurred around 4000 BCE | 26 | |
| 2464000588 | pastoral society | A human society that relies on domesticated animals rather than plants as the main source of food. | 27 | |
| 2464000589 | native Australians | The natives of Australia who continued to gather and hunt for food despite the transition to agriculture in nearby places | 28 | |
| 2464000590 | Mesopotamia | Valley of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in present day Iraq. | 29 | |
| 2464000591 | Jericho | An important early agricultural settlement in present day Israel. | 30 | |
| 2464000592 | intensification | the process of getting more in return for less. | 31 | |
| 2464000593 | horticulture | hoe based agriculture | 32 | |
| 2464000594 | Fertile Crescent | Region sometimes known as southwest Asia that was the earliest home to agriculture. | 33 | |
| 2464000595 | end of the last Ice Age | A process of global warming that started 16,000 years ago and ended 5,000 years later. Resulted in weather similar to the present. Lead to growing population and helped start agriculrure. | 34 | |
| 2464000596 | domestication | The taming of nature to benefit humans. | 35 | |
| 2464000597 | diffusion | the spread of agricultural techniques without a lot of population movement. | 36 | |
| 2464000598 | chiefdom | a grouping governed by a chief who relies on generosity rather than force for obedience from the people. | 37 | |
| 2464000599 | Catalhuyuk | An important Neolithic site in what is now Turkey. | 38 | |
| 2464000600 | Cahokia | An agricultural chiefdom, dominant center of an important Mississippi valley mound-building culture | 39 | |
| 2464000601 | broad spectrum diet | Term for the diet of gathering and hunting societies, which included many plants and animals. | 40 | |
| 2464000602 | bantu migration | The spread of Bantu speaking people from their homeland which is now Southern Nigeria. | 41 | |
| 2464000603 | Bantu | An african language family whose speakers gradually became the dominant culture of South and east Africa. | 42 | |
| 2464000604 | Banpo | A Chinese archeological site where Neolithic village remnants were found. | 43 | |
| 2464000605 | Austronesian | An Asian language family that became dominant in the Philippines, Indonesia, and the Pacific Islands | 44 | |
| 2464000606 | Agricultural Revolution | The transformation of human existence caused by the breeding of certain animals and taming of some plants. | 45 | |
| 2464000607 | Zhou Dynasty | Period of Chinese history from 1122 to 256 BCE | 46 | |
| 2464000608 | Xia Dynasty | A legendary series of monarchs of early China, traditionally dated to 2200 to 1766 BCE. | 47 | |
| 2464000609 | Uruk | The largest city of ancient Mesopotamia. | 48 | |
| 2464000610 | Teotihuacan | The largest city of ancient Mesoamerica | 49 | |
| 2464000611 | Son of Heaven | Title of the ruler of China, first known from the Zhou Dynasty. | 50 | |
| 2464000612 | Shang dynasty | period of Chinese history from 1766 to 1122 BCE. | 51 | |
| 2464000613 | Sanxingdui | An ancient city of China that independently developed from the Shang dynasty. | 52 | |
| 2464000614 | salinization | The build up of minerals in soil, decreasing its fertility. | 53 | |
| 2464000615 | rise of the state | a process of centralization that took place in the First Civilizations. | 54 | |
| 2464000616 | quipu | a series of knotted cords used as a form of accounting and maybe writing in the Norte Chico civiliztion | 55 | |
| 2464000617 | Phoenicians | a civilization in present day Lebanon, creators of the first alphabetic writing system. | 56 | |
| 2464000618 | Pharaoh | a king of Egypt. Used in reference to all ancient Egyptian rulers. | 57 | |
| 2464000619 | patriarchy | "rule of the father", a social system of male dominance | 58 | |
| 2464000620 | oracle bones | In Chinese civilization, animal bones that were heated then cracked and interpreted as prophecies. Prophecies were written on the bone. | 59 | |
| 2464000621 | Olmec civilization | An early civilization that developed along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico around 1200 BCE. | 60 | |
| 2464000622 | Nubia | A civilization to the South of Egypt in the Nile valley, known for the development of the alphabetic writing system. | 61 | |
| 2464000623 | Norte Chico/Caral | a region along the central coast of Peru. | 62 | |
| 2464000624 | Mohenjo Daro | A major city in the Indus Valley civilization | 63 | |
| 2464000625 | Minoan Civilization | An advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete. | 64 | |
| 2464000626 | Mesopatamia | "the land between the rivers" Tigris and Euphrates in what is now Iraq. | 65 | |
| 2464000627 | Mandate of heaven | The belief of Chinese emperors that stated that a ruler held authority by command of a divine force as long as her ruled morally and benevolently. | 66 | |
| 2464000628 | Indus Valley | Home of a major civilization that emerged in what is now Pakistan. Noted for the sameness of its elaborately planned cities over a large territory. | 67 | |
| 2464000629 | Hyksos | A pastoral group of unknown ethnicity that invaded Egypt and ruled in the North. | 68 | |
| 2464000630 | Hittites | An Indo-European civilization in Anatolia in the 18th century. | 69 | |
| 2464000631 | hieroglyphs | "sacred carvings";Ancient Egyptian writing system | 70 | |
| 2464000632 | Hebrews | A smaller early civilization whose faith in one god provided the foundation for many religions. | 71 | |
| 2464000633 | Hatshepsut | Ancient Egypt's most famous queen. | 72 | |
| 2464000634 | Harappa | A major city of the Indus valley civilization | 73 | |
| 2464000635 | Epic of Gilgamesh | The most famous literary work from Ancient Mesopotamia, tells the story of a mans quest for immortality. | 74 | |
| 2464000636 | Egypt:"the gift of the Nile" | Often known as this because Egypt would not have been able to support the big population without the annual flooding of the Nile that made agriculture possible. | 75 | |
| 2464000637 | cuneiform | wedge shaped writing in the form of symbols used in Mesopotamia | 76 | |
| 2464000638 | cradle of civilization | Commonly used term for southern Mesopotamia. | 77 | |
| 2464000639 | Code of Hammurabi | A series of laws publicized by King Hammurabi of Babylon. | 78 | |
| 2464000640 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | Major Chinese peasant revolt that helped cause the fall of the Han dynasty | 79 | |
| 2464000641 | Xiongnu | Nomadic peoples to the north of the great wall of china who were a frequent threat to the Chinese state | 80 | |
| 2464000642 | Wudi | Han emperor who started the Chinese civil service system by starting an academy to train imperial bureaucrats | 81 | |
| 2464000643 | Solon | Athenian statesman and lawmaker whose reforms led the Athenians toward democracy | 82 | |
| 2464000644 | Qin Shihuangdi | "first emperor from the Qin", forcibly reunited China and established a strong state. | 83 | |
| 2464000645 | Qin Dynasty | A short lived but highly influential dynasty that succeeded in reuniting China. | 84 | |
| 2464000646 | plebeians | Poorer, less privileged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics. | 85 | |
| 2464000647 | Persian Empire | A major empire that expanded in the Middle East. | 86 | |
| 2464000648 | Persopolis | The capital of the persian empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great. | 87 | |
| 2464000649 | Peloponnesian War | Great war between Athens and Sparta in which Athens was defeated. | 88 | |
| 2464000650 | Pax Romana | The "roman peace". A term used to denote the prosperity and stability of the early Roman empire | 89 | |
| 2464000651 | patricians | wealthy,privileged Romans that dominated early Roman society. | 90 | |
| 2464000652 | Olympic Games | Greek religious festival and athletic competition in honor of Zeus played every 4 years. | 91 | |
| 2464000653 | Mauryan Empire | A major empire that included most of India. | 92 | |
| 2464000654 | Marathon, Battle of | Athenian victory over a Persian invasion. | 93 | |
| 2464000655 | Mandate of Heaven | A belief among Chinese emperors that they would continue to rule as long as they did so benevolently and morally. | 94 | |
| 2464000656 | Ionia | A territory of Greek settlements on the coast of Anatolia. | 95 | |
| 2464000657 | hoplite | a heavily armed Greek infantryman (foot soldier). | 96 | |
| 2464000658 | Herodotus | Greek historian known as the "father of history". | 97 | |
| 2464000659 | Hellenistic Era | A period in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia. | 98 | |
| 2464000660 | Han Dynasty | A dynasty that ruled from 206 BCE to 220 CE | 99 | |
| 2464000661 | Gupta Empire | An empire of India | 100 | |
| 2464000662 | Greco-Persian Wars | Two major wars in which the Persians were defeated both over land and water. | 101 | |
| 2464000663 | Darius I | Great king of Persia, completed the establishment of the Persian Empire | 102 | |
| 2464000664 | Cyrus (the Great) | Founder of the Persian Empire | 103 | |
| 2464000665 | Caesar Augustus | The adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman State at the end of the civil war. | 104 | |
| 2464000666 | Athenian Democracy | A radical form of direct democracy. | 105 | |
| 2464000667 | Ashoka | The most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire | 106 | |
| 2464000668 | Aryans | Indo-European pastoralists who moved into India about the time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization. | 107 | |
| 2464000669 | Alexander the Great | Conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India | 108 | |
| 2464000670 | Ahura Mazda | In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world. | 109 | |
| 2464000671 | Socrates | the first great greek philosopher | 110 | |
| 2464000672 | Siddhartha Guatama (the Buddha) | An Indian prince turned ascetic who founded Buddhism. | 111 | |
| 2464000673 | Saint Paul | the first great popularizer of Christianity | 112 | |
| 2464000674 | Pythagoras | a major greek philosopher and mathematician who created the Pythagorean theorem. | 113 | |
| 2464000675 | plato | A student of Socrates who conveyed the teachings of his master and developed them further to create his own philosophies. | 114 | |
| 2464000676 | nirvana | the end goal of buddhism | 115 | |
| 2464000677 | moksha | in hindu belief, freedom from separate existence and union with Brahma | 116 | |
| 2464000678 | Mahayana | "great vehicle" - the development of buddhism in early centuries of common era | 117 | |
| 2464000679 | legalism | a Chinese philosophy with clear laws and aggressive punishments. | 118 | |
| 2464000680 | laozi | The founder of Daoism | 119 | |
| 2464000681 | Karma | in hinduism, the determining factor of which level an individual will be reincarnated in to their next life. | 120 | |
| 2464000682 | judaism | the monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews. | 121 | |
| 2464000683 | Jesus of Nazareth | The God of Christianity | 122 | |
| 2464000684 | Isaiah | One of the most important prophets of Judaism. | 123 | |
| 2464000685 | Hippocrates | a very influential greek medical theorist | 124 | |
| 2464000686 | Hinduism | A word that describes the vast diversity of native Indian religious traditions. | 125 | |
| 2464000687 | Greek rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophical thought. | 126 | |
| 2464000688 | filial piety | the honoring of one's parents and ancestors, a key element in Confucianism. | 127 | |
| 2464000689 | Daoism | a popular Chinese religion that promotes simplicity. | 128 | |
| 2464000690 | Daodejing | The central text of Daoism. | 129 | |
| 2464000691 | Constantine | A Roman Emperor whose conversion to Christianity resulted in the triumph of Christianity in Rome. | 130 | |
| 2464000692 | Confucius (Kong Fuzi) | The founder of Confucianism | 131 | |
| 2464000693 | Confucianism | The Chinese philosophy first introduced by Confucius. | 132 | |
| 2464000694 | Buddhism | The religious tradition first enunciated by Siddhartha Gautama | 133 | |
| 2464000695 | Brahmins | the priestly caste of India | 134 | |
| 2464000696 | Brahman | The final reality in Hindu belief | 135 | |
| 2464000697 | Bhakti movement | In Hinduism, advocates intense devotion toward a particular deity. | 136 | |
| 2464000698 | Bhagavad Gita | a great Hindu epic text | 137 | |
| 2464000699 | Ban Zhao | A major female Confucian author of Han Dynasty China. | 138 | |
| 2464000700 | atman | the human soul | 139 | |
| 2464000701 | Aristotle | A Greek polymath philosopher | 140 | |
| 2464000702 | Angra Mainyu | In Zoroastrianism, the evil god. | 141 | |
| 2464000703 | Ahura Mazda | In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world. | 142 | |
| 2464000704 | Wu, Empress | The only female empress in Chinese history. | 143 | |
| 2464000705 | Wang Mang | A Han court official who forcefully took the throne. | 144 | |
| 2464000706 | Vaisya | The Indian social caste of farmers and merchants. | 145 | |
| 2464000707 | Untouchables | A class beneath the Sudras that did all the dirty work. | 146 | |
| 2464000708 | the "three obediences" | Woman is under permanent control of first father, husband, then son in Chinese Confucianism. | 147 | |
| 2464000709 | Sudra | The lowest Indian social class of varna. | 148 | |
| 2464000710 | Spartacus | A Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman history. | 149 | |
| 2464000711 | scholar-gentry class | A term used to describe China's landowning families. | 150 | |
| 2464000712 | "ritual purity" in Indian social practice | In India, the idea that members of higher castes should refrain from association with those of lower classes to maintain their own caste standing. | 151 | |
| 2464000713 | Pericles | An influential statesman of Ancient Athens. | 152 | |
| 2464000714 | latifundia | Huge estates operated by slave labor in the Roman empire | 153 | |
| 2464000715 | Ksatriya | The Indian social class of warriors and rulers | 154 | |
| 2464000716 | Helots | The semi-enslaved class of Ancient Sparta. | 155 | |
| 2464000717 | Greek and Roman Slavery | Slaves were captive from war and piracy. | 156 | |
| 2464000718 | dharma | The Indian belief, performance of duties appropriate to social class | 157 | |
| 2464000719 | caste as varna and jati | The system of social organization in India | 158 | |
| 2464000720 | Aspasia | A foreign woman resident in Athens. | 159 | |
| 2464000721 | Tikal | Major Maya city | 160 | |
| 2464000722 | Semi-sedentary | term used to describe peoples of eastern woodlands who combined partial reliance on agriculture with gathering and hunting | 161 | |
| 2464000723 | pueblo | Great house of the ancestral pueblo people | 162 | |
| 2464000724 | Niger Valley Civilization | distinctive city-based civilization in middle Niger | 163 | |
| 2464000725 | Nazca | civilization of southern coastal Peru | 164 | |
| 2464000726 | Mound Builders | Members of any of a number of cultures that developed east of the Mississippi River | 165 | |
| 2464000727 | Moche | an important regional civilization of Peru | 166 | |
| 2464000728 | Meroe | city of southern Nubia | 167 | |
| 2464000729 | Maya | major classical civilization of Mesoamerica | 168 | |
| 2464000730 | Jenne-jeno | largest of the cities of the Niger Valley civilization | 169 | |
| 2464000731 | Hopewell culture | most widespread North American mound-building culture | 170 | |
| 2464000732 | Ezana | King of Axum, established Christianity | 171 | |
| 2464000733 | Coptic Christianity | The Egyptian variety of Christianity | 172 | |
| 2464000734 | Chavin | Andean town that was the center of a large Peruvian religious movement | 173 | |
| 2464000735 | Chaco Phenomenon | major process of settlement that occurred among the peoples of Chaco canyon | 174 | |
| 2464000736 | Batwa | forest-dwelling people of Central Africa | 175 | |
| 2464000737 | Bantu expansion | Bantu-speaking migration from homeland into most of eastern and southern Africa | 176 | |
| 2464000738 | Axum | classical era kingdom of east Africa | 177 | |
| 2464000739 | Apedemek | the lion god of classical Meroe | 178 | |
| 2464000740 | Ancestral Pueblo | established mixed agricultural gathering/hunting society in southwestern North America | 179 | |
| 2464000741 | Cahokia | The center of an important mound building culture. | 180 | |
| 2464000742 | Teotihuacan | The largest city of pre-Columbian America. | 181 | |
| 2464000743 | Venice | An Italian city that was a major center of Mediterranean trade | 182 | |
| 2464000744 | trans-Saharan slave trade | a fairly small scale slave trade that developed in the 12th century C.E | 183 | |
| 2464000745 | third-wave civilizations | Civilizations that were symbolized by big trade networks. | 184 | |
| 2464000746 | Swahili civilization | An East African civilization | 185 | |
| 2464000747 | Sudan | a large region of West Africa | 186 | |
| 2464000748 | Srivijaya | a Malay Kingdom that was known for its native/indian hybrid culture. | 187 | |
| 2464000749 | Silk Roads | Land-based trade routes that linked Eurasia. | 188 | |
| 2464000750 | Sand Roads | a term used to describe trans-Saharan trade in Africa. | 189 | |
| 2464000751 | Sailendras | a kingdom of Java known for being deeply influenced by Indian culture. | 190 | |
| 2464000752 | pochteca | merchants among the Aztecs | 191 | |
| 2464000753 | oasis cities of central Asia | cities that became the centers of trans-Eurasian trade. | 192 | |
| 2464000754 | monsoons | wind currents that blew across the Indian Ocean | 193 | |
| 2464000755 | Malaysians | speakers of Austronesian languages | 194 | |
| 2464000756 | Jie people | a nomadic people who controlled most of Northern China. | 195 | |
| 2464000757 | Indian Ocean trading network | The world's largest sea based system of communication before 1500 CE. | 196 | |
| 2464000758 | Ibn Battuta | A famous Muslim traveler | 197 | |
| 2464000759 | Great Zimbawe | A powerful state in the African Interior. | 198 | |
| 2464000760 | bubonic plague | A highly fatal disease that was transmitted through mosquitoes. | 199 | |
| 2464000761 | Borobudur | The largest Buddhist monument ever built. | 200 | |
| 2464000762 | Black Death | a massive epidemic that swept Eurasia. | 201 | |
| 2464000763 | American Web | the network of trade that linked parts of the pre-Columbian Americas. | 202 | |
| 2464000764 | Yi | Korean dynasty | 203 | |
| 2464000765 | Xiongnu | Major nomadic confederacy that reached from Manchuria to Central Asia. | 204 | |
| 2464000766 | Wendi, Emperor | Sui emperor who supported Buddhism | 205 | |
| 2464000767 | Uighurs | Turkic empire of the steppes. | 206 | |
| 2464000768 | Trung sisters | Two Vietnamese sisters who launched a major revolt against the Chinese presence in Vietnam | 207 | |
| 2464000769 | Tribute system | Chinese method of dealing with foreign lands. | 208 | |
| 2464000770 | Tanka | A form of Japanese poetry | 209 | |
| 2464000771 | Tang dynasty | a dynasty of China known for its openness to foreign cultural influences | 210 | |
| 2464000772 | Sui Dynasty | a dynasty of China that reunited the country after years of political fragments. | 211 | |
| 2464000773 | Song Dynasty economic revolution | A major economic quickening that took place in China under the Song dynasty. | 212 | |
| 2464000774 | Silla dynasty | The first ruling dynasty to bring some political unity to Korea. | 213 | |
| 2464000775 | Shotoku Taishi | Japanese statesman who was a big influence in making Japan into a centralized bureaucratic state | 214 | |
| 2464000776 | Samurai | Members of Japan's warrior class. | 215 | |
| 2464000777 | Pure Land Buddhism | A school of Buddhism that was immensely popular in China. | 216 | |
| 2464000778 | Neo-Confucianism | A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China | 217 | |
| 2464000779 | Nara | Japan's first Capital city | 218 | |
| 2464000780 | Murasaki Shikibu | Sometimes known as Japan's greatest author. | 219 | |
| 2464000781 | Kumsong | The capital of Korea in the Medieval era | 220 | |
| 2464000782 | Koryo | Korean Dynasty | 221 | |
| 2464000783 | Khitan | A nomadic peoples whose state included parts of Northern China | 222 | |
| 2464000784 | kami | sacred spirits of Japan | 223 | |
| 2464000785 | Jurchen | a nomadic peoples whose state included parts of Northern China | 224 | |
| 2464000786 | Helan | Japan's second capital city | 225 | |
| 2464000787 | Hangzhou | China's capital during the Song Dynasty | 226 | |
| 2464000788 | Hangui | a phonetic alphabet developed in Korea. | 227 | |
| 2464000789 | foot binding | Chinese practice of tightly binding girls feet to keep them small. | 228 | |
| 2464000790 | chu nom | a variation of Chinese writing | 229 | |
| 2464000791 | bushido | military virtues of the Japanese samurai. | 230 | |
| 2464000792 | An Lushan | Foreign born Chinese leader who led a revolt against the Tang Dynasty. | 231 | |
| 2464000793 | Vladimir, prince of kiev | Prince of Kiev who converted to Orthodox Christianity. | 232 | |
| 2464000794 | Vikings | Scandinavian riders who had a big impact on most of Western Europe. | 233 | |
| 2464000795 | system of competing states | organization of Western Europe political life | 234 | |
| 2464000796 | natural philosophy | the scientific study of nature that developed in the later middle ages. | 235 | |
| 2464000797 | Kievan Rus | State that emerged around the city of Kiev. | 236 | |
| 2464000798 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor. | 237 | |
| 2464000799 | indulgence | a cancellation of the penalty for confessed sin granted only by a pope. | 238 | |
| 2464000800 | inconoclasm | The destruction of holy images. | 239 | |
| 2464000801 | Holy Roman Empire | German-based empire founded by Otto. | 240 | |
| 2464000802 | guild | association of people pursuing the same line of work. | 241 | |
| 2464000803 | Greek fire | form of liquid fire that could be sprayed at enemies. | 242 | |
| 2464000804 | Cyrillic | Alphabet based on Greek letters. | 243 | |
| 2464000805 | Cyril and Methodious | Byzantine missionaries. | 244 | |
| 2464000806 | Crusades | term meaning "ventures of the cross" | 245 | |
| 2464000807 | Constantinople | capital for the eastern half of the Roman Empire, established by Constantine. | 246 | |
| 2464000808 | Christianity, Roman Catholic | Western European branch of Christianity | 247 | |
| 2464000809 | Christianity, Eastern Orthodox | Branch of Christianity that developed in the eastern part of the Roman Empire. | 248 | |
| 2464000810 | Charlemagne | Ruler of the Carolingian Empire | 249 | |
| 2464000811 | caesaropapism | a political-religious system | 250 | |
| 2464000812 | Byzantine Empire | Surviving eastern roman empire. | 251 | |
| 2464000813 | ulama | Islamic religious scholars. | 252 | |
| 2464000814 | timbuktu | great city of West Africa | 253 | |
| 2464000815 | Sultanate of Delhi | Major Turkic Muslim state in Northern India. | 254 | |
| 2464000816 | Sufis | Islamic mystics. | 255 | |
| 2464000817 | Sikhism | a religion that has both Islam and Hindu elements. | 256 | |
| 2464000818 | shaykhs | Sufi teachers who founded individual schools of Sufism. | 257 | |
| 2464000819 | sharia | Islamic law. | 258 | |
| 2464000820 | quran | Most holy text of Islam. | 259 | |
| 2464000821 | rightly guided caliphs | The first four rulers of the Islamic world after the death of Muhammad. | 260 | |
| 2464000822 | Polo, Marco | The most famous European traveler of the Middle Ages | 261 | |
| 2464000823 | Pillars of Islam | The five core practices required of Muslims. | 262 | |
| 2464000824 | Muslim | "one who submits" | 263 | |
| 2464000825 | Muhammad Ibn Abdullah | The Prophet of Islam | 264 | |
| 2464000826 | Mozarabs | Christians who adopted a lot of Arabic and Muslim culture and practices without actually converting to Islam | 265 | |
| 2464000827 | Mecca | The birthplace of Islam | 266 | |
| 2464000828 | madrassas | Former colleges that taught the teachings of Islam. | 267 | |
| 2464000829 | Kaaba | Great stone shrine in Mecca. | 268 | |
| 2464000830 | jizya | Tax paid by non-Muslims of Islam in the Muslim ruled territories in exchange for freedom to practice their religion. | 269 | |
| 2464000831 | jihad | Arabic for "struggle" | 270 | |
| 2464000832 | imams | leaders with high religious authority in Shia Islam | 271 | |
| 2464000833 | ibn sina | One of the greatest intellectuals of the Islamic world. | 272 | |
| 2464000834 | ibn battuta | Arab traveler who wrote about his journeys in the Islamic world. | 273 | |
| 2464000835 | house of wisdom | An academic center for research. | 274 | |
| 2464000836 | hijra | journey that marks the starting point of the Islamic calendar | 275 | |
| 2464000837 | hajj | one of the Five Pillars of Islam | 276 | |
| 2464000838 | hadiths | Traditions passed on about the sayings or actions of Muhammad. | 277 | |
| 2464000839 | ghazali, al- | Great Muslim legal scholar. | 278 | |
| 2464000840 | dhimmis | "protected subjects" under Islamic rule. | 279 | |
| 2464000841 | bedouins | Nomadic Arabs | 280 | |
| 2464000842 | battle of talas river | Arab victory over the Chinese | 281 | |
| 2464000843 | anatolia | Ancient name of Asia Minor | 282 | |
| 2464000844 | andalus, al- | Arabic name for Spain | 283 | |
| 2464000845 | abbasid caliphate | Dynasty of Caliphs that ruled a fragmented Islamic state. | 284 | |
| 2464000846 | (START OF CH. 12)Yuan Dynasty | Mongol Dynasty that ruled China. | 285 | |
| 2464000847 | Xiongnu | People of Mongolian lands north of China who formed a large scale nomadic empire. | 286 | |
| 2464000848 | Turks | Turkic speakers from central Asia who were originally nomads. | 287 | |
| 2464000849 | Temujin | Chinggis Khan's birth name. | 288 | |
| 2464000850 | Pastoralism | Way of life in which people depend on herding domesticated animals for food. | 289 | |
| 2464000851 | The mongol world war | Term used to describe half a century of military campaigns, killings, and empire building. | 290 | |
| 2464000852 | Modun | Great ruler of the Xiongnu Empire | 291 | |
| 2464000853 | Masai | Nomadic cattle-keeping people. | 292 | |
| 2464000854 | Kipchak Kanate | Name given to Russia by the Mongols. | 293 | |
| 2464000855 | Khanbalik | new capital city for the Mongols after their conquest of China | 294 | |
| 2464000856 | kaghan | Supreme ruler of a Turkic nomadic confederation. | 295 | |
| 2464000857 | Karakorum | Capital of the Mongol Empire | 296 | |
| 2464000858 | Hulegu Khan | Grandson of Chinggis Khan | 297 | |
| 2464000859 | Ghazan Khan | Subordinate khan of Persia | 298 | |
| 2464000860 | "fictive kinship" | common form of tribal bonding in Nomadic societies | 299 | |
| 2464000861 | Chinggis Khan | title given to Mongol leader Temujin after he united the Mongols. | 300 | |
| 2464000862 | Black Death | Massive plague that swept through Eurasia | 301 | |
| 2464000863 | "age-set" | a group of boys united by a common initiation ceremony among the Masai | 302 | |
| 2464000864 | (START OF CH. 13)Zeng He | Great Chinese admiral | 303 | |
| 2464000865 | Yongle | Chinese emperor during the Ming dynasty | 304 | |
| 2464000866 | Triple Alliance | agreement that launched the Aztec Empire | 305 | |
| 2464000867 | Timur | Turkic warrior. | 306 | |
| 2464000868 | Timbuktu | Great city of West Africa | 307 | |
| 2464000869 | Tenochtitián | The metropolitan capital of the Aztec Empire. | 308 | |
| 2464000870 | Songhay Empire | Major Islamic state of West Africa | 309 | |
| 2464000871 | Safavid Empire | Major Turkic empire of Persia. | 310 | |
| 2464000872 | Renaissance, European | A "rebirth" of classical learning | 311 | |
| 2464000873 | pochteca | Merchants in the Aztec Empire. | 312 | |
| 2464000874 | Paleolithic persistence | The continuance of gathering and hunting societies in significant areas of the world . | 313 | |
| 2464000875 | Ottoman empire | Major Islamic state centered on Anatolia. | 314 | |
| 2464000876 | Nezahualcoyotl | A poet and king of the city-state Texcoco. | 315 | |
| 2464000877 | Mughal Empire | One of the most successful empires of India. | 316 | |
| 2464000878 | Ming dynasty | Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols | 317 | |
| 2464000879 | Mexica | Seminomadic people of northern Mexico. | 318 | |
| 2464000880 | Malacca | Muslim port city | 319 | |
| 2464000881 | Iroquois League of Five Nations | Confederation of five Iroquouis peoples in what is now New York State. | 320 | |
| 2464000882 | Inca Empire | The Western Hemisphere's largest imperial state. | 321 | |
| 2464000883 | Igbo | People whose lands were east of the Niger River. | 322 | |
| 2464000884 | Hundred Years' War | Major conflict between France and England over territory. | 323 | |
| 2464000885 | Huitzilopochtli | Patron deity of the Aztec empire. | 324 | |
| 2464000886 | Gama, Vasco da | Portugese explorer. | 325 | |
| 2464000887 | Fulbe | West Africa's largest pastoral society. | 326 | |
| 2464000888 | "firestick farming" | A controlling of their environment by the Paleolithic peoples of Australia that involved controlled fires to clear underbrush. | 327 | |
| 2464000889 | Constantinople, seizure of (1453) | an event that marked the end of the Christian Byzantium. | 328 | |
| 2464000890 | Columbus, Christopher | Found America in 1492 | 329 | |
| 2464000891 | "chosen women" | Among the Incas, girls who were removed from their homes at a young age and trained in Inca ideology who later were given as wives to respected men. | 330 | |
| 2464000892 | Benin | Territorial state that emerged in what is now Southern Nigeria. | 331 | |
| 2464000893 | Aztec Empire | Major state that developed in what is now Mexico. | 332 |
