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| 1056846348 | Ashoka | (269-323 BCE); Chandragupta's grandson; gained control of all but India's southern tip; supporter of Buddhism; spread it throughout India but respected other religions; built extensive networks of roads | 0 | |
| 1056846349 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy that was devoted to strengthen and expand the state through increased agricultural work and military service. human nature is naturally selfish; intellectualism and literacy is discouraged; law is supreme authority and replaces morality; harsh, strong laws needed | 1 | |
| 1056846350 | Hoplite | A citizen-soldier of the Ancient Greek City-states. They were primarily armed as spear-men. | 2 | |
| 1056846352 | Consul | A chief executive officer of the Roman Republic; two were elected each year, one to run the government and one to lead the army into battle | 3 | |
| 1056846354 | Third Century Crisis | Historians' term for the political, military, and economic turmoil that beset the Roman Empire during much of the third century C.E.: frequent changes of ruler, civil wars, barbarian invasions, decline of urban centers, and near-destruction of long-distance commerce and the monetary economy. After 284 C.E. Diocletian restored order by making fundamental changes. | 4 | |
| 1056846355 | Zoroastrianism | A religion originating in ancient Iran with the prophet Zoroaster. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahuramazda, Emphasizing truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature, the religion demanded that humans choose sides between good and evil | 5 | |
| 1056846356 | Ibn Khaldun | Arab historian. He developed an influential theory on the rise and fall of states. Born in Tunis, he spent his later years in Cairo as a teacher and judge. In 1400 he was sent to Damascus to negotiate the surrender of the city. | 6 | |
| 1056846357 | Olmec | The first Mesoamerican civilization. Between ca. 1200 and 400 B.C.E., the Olmec people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction. Precursor to Maya and Aztec | 7 | |
| 1056846358 | Abu Bakr | 1st caliph. Minority were for Ali (Muhammad's cousin)(Shia) and Majority were for Abu (Sunni) | 8 | |
| 1056846359 | Umayyad | One of the caliphates after the death of Muhammad; continued the Muslim conquests; tended to favor the rights of the old Arab families, and in particular their own, over those of newly converted Muslims (mawali); constructed famous buildings such as the Dome of the Rock at Jerusalem, and the Umayyad Mosque at Damascus | 9 | |
| 1056846360 | Justinian & Theodora | Byzantine Emperor and Empress; greatly expanded Byzantine Empire; carried on Roman culture and Law; Theodora had real power that was shared with Justinian | 10 | |
| 1056846361 | Flying Money | Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency | 11 | |
| 1056846362 | Daimyo | A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai | 12 | |
| 1056846363 | Fief | An estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty | 13 | |
| 1056846364 | Serf | A medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate | 14 | |
| 1056846365 | Ecomienda | a system in which spanish monarchs gave land to colonist. These landowners were granted the right to force Indians living there to work the land | 15 | |
| 1056846366 | Jesuit | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. | 16 | |
| 1056846367 | Glorious Revolution | 1688; the parliament deposed King James II, a Roman Catholic who had asserted royal rights over the rights of Parliament. Parliament gave the crown to the Protestant King William III, a Dutch prince, and his British wife, Queen Mary II (daughter of James II), as joint rulers. When the crown was offered to William and Mary, they agreed to a Bill of Rights that severely limited the king or queen's power. The British Bill of Rights is often regarded as a forerunner to the United States Bill of Rights. | 17 |
