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| 5806637754 | lateen | traingular sails attached to the masts of dhows by long booms, or yard arms, which extended diagonally high across the fore and aft of the ship | 0 | |
| 5806640660 | Al-Mahdi | Third of the Abbasid caliphs; attempted but failed to reconcile moderates among Shi'a to Abbasid dynasty; failed to resolve problem of succession | 1 | |
| 5806644660 | Harun al-Rashid | one of the great islamic rulers of the Abbasid era | 2 | |
| 5806647285 | Buyids | Regional splinter dynasty of the mid-10th century; invaded and captured Baghdad; ruled Abbasid empire under title of sultan; retained Abbasids as figureheads | 3 | |
| 5806652273 | Seljuk Turks | Nomadic invaders from central Asia via Persia; staunch Sunnis; ruled in name of Abbasid caliphs from mid-11th century | 4 | |
| 5806655637 | Crusades | Series of military adventures initially launched by western Christians to fee Holy Land from Muslims; temporarily succeeded in capturing Jerusalem and establishing Chrsitian kingdoms; later used for other purposes such as commercial wars ad extermination of heresy | 5 | |
| 5806663696 | Saladin | Muslim leader in the last decades of the 12th centry; reconquered most of the crusader outposts for Islam | 6 | |
| 5806666868 | Ibn Khaldun | A Muslim historian; developed concept that dynasties of nomadic conquerors had a cycle of three generations0 strong, weak, dissolute | 7 | |
| 5806672782 | Shah-Nama | Written by Firdawsi in late 10th and early 11th centuries; relates history of Persia from creation to the Islamic conquests | 8 | |
| 5806675258 | Ulama | Orthodox religious scholars within Islam; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; increasingly opposed to non-islamic ideas and scientific thinking | 9 | |
| 5806678865 | Al-Ghazali | Brilliat Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions; not entirely accepted by ulama | 10 | |
| 5806684347 | Mongols | Central Asian nomadic peoples; smasked Turko-Persian kingdoms; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed last Abbasid caliph | 11 | |
| 5806687789 | Chinggis Khan | Born in 1170's in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227, prior to conquest of most of Islamic world | 12 | |
| 5806695240 | Hulegu | Ruler of the Ilkhan khanate; grandson of Chinggis Khan; responsible for capture and destruction of Baghdad in 1257 | 13 | |
| 5806698189 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance | 14 | |
| 5806701949 | Muhammad ibn Qasim | Arab general; conquered Sind in India; declared the region and the Indus valley to be a part of Umayyad Empire | 15 | |
| 5806705284 | Mahmud of Ghanzi | Third ruler of Turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistan; led invasions of northern Inida; credited with sacking one of wealthieset of Hindu temples in northern India; brought much of Indus valley, Sind, and northwestern India under his control | 16 | |
| 5806711869 | Qutb-ud-din Aibak | Lieutenant of Muhammad of Ghur; established kingdom in India with capital at Delphi; proclaimed himself Sultan of India | 17 | |
| 5806716231 | Bhaktic cults | Hindu groups dedicated to gods and goddesses; stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the god or goddess who was the object of their veneration; most widely worshipped gods were Shiva and Vishnu | 18 | |
| 5806721843 | Mira Bai | Celebrated Hindu writer of religious poetry; reflected openness of bhaktic cults to women | 19 | |
| 5806726538 | Kabir | Muslim mystic; played down the importance of ritual differences between Hinduism and Islam | 20 | |
| 5806732271 | Bedouin | nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats | 21 | |
| 5806739014 | shaykhs | leaders of tribes and clanes within bedouin society; usually possessed large herds, several wives, and many children | 22 | |
| 5806741660 | Mecca | Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam | 23 | |
| 5806745392 | Umayyad | clan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty | 24 | |
| 5806749413 | Quaraysh | tribe of bedouins that controlled Mecca in the 7th century C.E. | 25 | |
| 5806751250 | Ka'ba | revered pre-Islamic shrine in Mecca; incorporated into Muslim worship | 26 | |
| 5806755012 | Medina | town northeast if Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight the Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar | 27 | |
| 5806759611 | Muhammad | prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh | 28 | |
| 5806761783 | Khadijah | the wife of Muhammad | 29 | |
| 5806762758 | Qur'an | the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam | 30 | |
| 5806766548 | Ali | cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the developme tof the shi'ism | 31 | |
| 5806770530 | umma | community of the faithful within Islam | 32 | |
| 5806771481 | zakat | tax for charity obligatory for all Muslims | 33 | |
| 5806772473 | five pillars | the obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) | 34 | |
| 5806776462 | Ramadam | Islamic month of religious observation requiring fasting from dawn to sunset | 35 | |
| 5806779664 | hajj | a muslim's pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca to worship Allah at the Ka'ba | 36 | |
| 5806782052 | caliph | the successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community | 37 | |
| 5806783492 | Ridda Wars | wars following Muhammad's death; the defeat of rival prophets and opponents restored the unity of Islam | 38 | |
| 5806789788 | Jihads | Islamic holy wars | 39 | |
| 5806791428 | Copts, Nestorians | Christian sects of Syria and Egypt; gave their support to the Arabic Muslims | 40 | |
| 5806793556 | Uthman | third caliph; his assassination set off a civil war within Islam between the Umayyads and Ali | 41 | |
| 5806796379 | Battle of Siffin | battle fought in 657 between Ali and the Umayyads; led to negotiations that fragmented Ali's party | 42 | |
| 5806799772 | Mu'awiya | first Umayyad caliph; his capital was Damascus | 43 | |
| 5806801173 | Sunnis | followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads | 44 | |
| 5806803587 | Shi'a | followers of Ali's interpretation of Islam | 45 | |
| 5806805267 | Karbala | site of the defeat and death of Husayn, the son of Ali | 46 | |
| 5806806875 | Damascus | Syrian city that was capital of Umayyadd caliphate | 47 | |
| 5806808550 | mawali | non-arab converts to Islam | 48 | |
| 5806810100 | jizya | head tax paid by all non-muslims in Islamic lands | 49 | |
| 5806811682 | dhimmis | "the people of the book", Jews, Christians, later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus | 50 | |
| 5806814194 | Hadiths | "traditions" of the prohpet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an; form the essential writings of Islam | 51 | |
| 5806816359 | Abbasid | dynasty that succeeded the Unayyads in 750; their capital was Baghdad | 52 | |
| 5806818586 | Battle of the River Zab | 750; Abbasid victory over the Umayyads, near the Tigris; led to Abbasid ascendancy | 53 | |
| 5806821696 | Baghdad | Abbasid capital, close to the old Persian capital of Ctesiphon | 54 | |
| 5806824157 | wazir | cheif administration official under the abbasids | 55 | |
| 5806825137 | dhows | arab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by arab merchants | 56 | |
| 5806830363 | Indians | misnomer created by Columbus when referring to indigenous New World peoples; still used to describe Native Americans | 57 | |
| 5806854474 | Toltec culture | succeeded Teotihuancan culture in central Mexico; strong militaristic ethic including human sacrifice; influenced large territory after 1000 C.E.; declined after 1200 C.E. | 58 | |
| 5807217940 | Topiltzin | religious leader and reformer of the Toltecs in the 10th century; dedicated to gof Quetzalcoatl; after losing struggle for power, went into exile in the Yucatan peninsula | 59 | |
| 5807222782 | Quetzalcoatl | Toltec deity; feathered serpent; adopted by Aztecs as a major god | 60 | |
| 5807224506 | Tenochtitlan | founded circa 1325 on a marshy island in Lake Texacoco; became center of Azte power | 61 | |
| 5807226686 | Tlaloc | major god of Aztecs; associated wiht feritlity and the agricultural cycle; god of rain | 62 | |
| 5807230771 | Huitcilopochtl | Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god | 63 | |
| 5807232662 | Nezhualcoyotl | leading Aztec king of the 15th century | 64 | |
| 5807234200 | chinampas | beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating island"; system of irrigated agriculture used by Aztecs | 65 | |
| 5807240512 | pochteca | merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items | 66 | |
| 5807242276 | calpulli | clans in Aztec society; evolved into residential groupings that distributed land and provided labor and warriors | 67 | |
| 5807245227 | Pachacuti | Inca ruler; began the military campaigns that maked the creation of an Inca empire | 68 | |
| 5807247238 | ayllus | households in Andean societies that recognizd some form of kinship; traced descent from a common, sometimes mythical, ancestor | 69 | |
| 5807251030 | Twantinsuyu | Inca word for their empire; region from Columbia to Chile and eastward into Bolivia and Argentina | 70 | |
| 5807253481 | Split inheritence | Inca practice of ruler descent; all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remianed in hands of male descendants for support of dead Inca's mummy | 71 | |
| 5807258984 | Temple of the Sun | Inca religious center at Cuzco; center of state religious; held mummies of past Incas | 72 | |
| 5807261364 | tambos | way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies; relay points for system runners used to carry messages | 73 | |
| 5807263915 | mita | labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an esential aspect of Inca imperial control | 74 | |
| 5807269347 | Inca socialism | an interpretation describing Inca society as a type of utopia; image of the Inca empure as a carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole | 75 | |
| 5807273288 | yanas | a class of people within Inca society removed from theur ayllus to serve permenantly as servants, artisans, or workers for the Inca or the Inca nobility | 76 | |
| 5807277641 | quipu | system of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place os a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records | 77 | |
| 5807286414 | Chang'an | capital of Tnag dynasty; population of 2 million larger than ant contemporary world city | 78 | |
| 5807287996 | Ministry of Public Rites | administered the examinations for state office during the Tang dynasty | 79 | |
| 5807289965 | jinshi | title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office | 80 | |
| 5807291881 | pure land Buddhism | emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism, popular among masses of Chinese society | 81 | |
| 5807294782 | Chan Buddhism | called Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular among the elite | 82 | |
| 5807298360 | Zen Buddhism | called Chan in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular among the elite | 83 | |
| 5807299130 | Empress Wu | Tang ruler; supported Suddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created | 84 | |
| 5807303071 | Wuzing | Tang emperor; persecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism | 85 | |
| 5807308919 | Xuanzong | leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755, although he encouraged overexpansion | 86 | |
| 5807311468 | Yang Guifei | royal concubine of Tang emperor Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into administration led to revolt | 87 | |
| 5807314500 | Zhao Kuangyin | general who founded Song dynasty; to royal name of Taizu | 88 | |
| 5807317780 | Liao dynasty | founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China | 89 | |
| 5807321121 | Khitans | founded Liao dynasty of Manchuria in 907; remained a threat to Song; very much influenced by Chinese culture | 90 | |
| 5807324152 | Zhu Xi | most prominent Neo-Confucian scholar during the Song synasty; stressed importance of applying phisolophical principles to everyday life | 91 | |
| 5807327560 | Neo-Confucians | revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song-era Chine; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to goreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrates less receptive to outside ideas and influences | 92 | |
| 5807332328 | Tangut | rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of regional kingdoms during period of southern Song; conquered by Mongols in 1226 | 93 | |
| 5807335326 | Xi Xia | kingdom of Tangut people, north of Song kingdom, in mid 11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry | 94 | |
| 5807340315 | Wang Anshi | Confucian scholar ad cheif minister of a Song ruler in 1070's; introduced sweeping reforms based on legalism; advocated greater state intervention in society | 95 | |
| 5807343925 | Jurchens | founders of Jin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee south | 96 | |
| 5807346671 | Jin | Kingdom north of the Song empire; established by Jurchens in 1115 after overthrowing Liao dynasty; ended 1234 | 97 | |
| 5807348915 | Southern Song | smaller surviving dynasty; presidedover one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history | 98 | |
| 5807351375 | Grand Canal | great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtz basin | 99 | |
| 5807353918 | junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force on Asian seas east of the Malayan penninsula | 100 | |
| 5807358317 | flying monkey | Chinese credit instrument that provided vouvhers ti merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; and early form of currency | 101 | |
| 5807361712 | footbinding | male-imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household | 102 | |
| 5807365475 | Li Bo | most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with phisolophical musings | 103 | |
| 5807371908 | Taika reforms | attempt to remake the Japanese monarch into an absoluteist Chinese-style emporer; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army | 104 | |
| 5807376584 | Tale of Genji | Written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society | 105 | |
| 5807378916 | Fujiwara | mid-9th century Japanese aristicratic family; excercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power | 106 | |
| 5807382914 | Bushi | Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies | 107 | |
| 5807386884 | Samurai | mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor | 108 | |
| 5807388571 | Seppuku | Ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a mans to restore family honor | 109 | |
| 5808691041 | Tiara | Powerful Japanese family in 11th and 12th centuries; competed with Minamoto family; defeated after Gempi Wars | 110 | |
| 5808691651 | Minamoto | Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempi Wars and established military government (bafuku) in 12th century Japan | 111 | |
| 5808692583 | Gumpei Wars | Waged for five years from 1180 on Honshu between the Tiara and Minamoto families; ended in destruction of the Tiara | 112 | |
| 5808693322 | Bafuku | Military government established by the Minamoto after the Gumpei Wars; centered at Kamakura; remained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai | 113 | |
| 5808695204 | Shoguns | Military leaders of the bafuku | 114 | |
| 5808695653 | Hojo | A warrior family closely allied with the Minamoto; dominated the Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers; ruled in name of emperor | 115 | |
| 5808697206 | Ashikaga Takuaji | Member of Minamoto family; overthrew Kamakura regime and established Ashikaga Shogunate; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino | 116 | |
| 5808698848 | Ashikaga Shogunate | Replaced the Kamakura regime in Japan; ruled from 1336 to 1573; destroyed rival Yoshino center of imperial authority | 117 | |
| 5808700162 | Daimyo | Warlord rulers of small states following Onin War and disruption of Askikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded ministates | 118 | |
| 5808702525 | Choson | Earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by the Han in 109 B.C.E. | 119 | |
| 5808703349 | Koguryo | Tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the penninsula; adopted cultural Sinification | 120 | |
| 5808705274 | Sinification | Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions | 121 | |
| 5808706016 | Silla | Korean kingdom in the Southest; beccame a vassal of the Tang and paid tribute; ruled Korea from 668 | 122 | |
| 5808708311 | Paekche | Independent Korean kingdom in Southwestern part of penninsula; defeated by rival Silla kingdom and its Chinese Tang allies in the 7th century | 123 | |
| 5808712254 | Yi | Korean dynasty; succeeded Koryoo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence | 124 | |
| 5808717587 | Khmers and Chams | Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by Northern government at Hanoi | 125 | |
| 5808718272 | Trung sisters | Leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 C.E..; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society | 126 | |
| 5808719132 | Nguyen | Southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi | 127 | |
| 5808722178 | Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile | Moarchs of Chrsitian kingdom; their marriage created the future Spain; initiated exploration of the New World | 128 | |
| 5808723002 | Carribean | Forst area of Spanish exploration and settlement; served as experimental region for nature of Spanish colonial experience; ecomienda system of colonial management initiated here | 129 | |
| 5808724441 | Hispaniola | First island in the Carribean settled by Spaniards; settled by Columbus on his second voyage | 130 | |
| 5808725132 | Ecomiendero | Grants of estates Indian laborers made to Spanish conquerors and settlers in Latin America; established a framework for relation based on economic dominance | 131 | |
| 5808726829 | Bartolome de las Casas | Dominican friar who supported peaceful conversion of the Native American population; opposed forced labor and advocated Indian rights | 132 | |
| 5808727841 | Hernan Cortes | Led expedition to Mexico in 1519; defeated Axtec Empire and established Spanish colonial rule | 133 | |
| 5808729269 | Moctezuma II | Last independent Aztec ruler; killed during Cortes conquest | 134 | |
| 5808729963 | Mexico City | Capital of New Spain, built on ruins of Tenochtitlan | 135 | |
| 5808730560 | New Spain | Spanish colonial possessions in Mesoamerica in territories once part of Aztec imperial system | 136 | |
| 5808731694 | Francisco Vasquez de Coronado | Led Spanish expedition into the southwestern United States in search of gold | 137 | |
| 5811345219 | Pedro de Valdivia | Spanish conqueror of Araucanian Indians of Chile; established city of Santiago in 1541 | 138 | |
| 5811349638 | Mita | Forced labor system replacing Indian slaves and ecomienda workers; unsed to mobilize labor for mines and other projects | 139 | |
| 5811354212 | Colombian Exchange | Biological and ecological exchange that occured after European arrival in the New World; peoples of Europe and Africa came to the Americas; animals, plants, and diseases moved between the Old and New Worlds | 140 | |
| 5811360675 | Potosi | Largest New World silver mine; located in Bolivia | 141 | |
| 5811362492 | Huancavelica | Greatest mercury deposit in South America; used in American silver production | 142 | |
| 5811364900 | Haciendas | Rural agricultural and herding estates; produced for consumers on America; basis for wealth and power of the local aristocracy | 143 | |
| 5811371451 | Consulado | Merahant guild of Seville with a virtual monoploy over goods shipped to Spanish America; handled much of the silver shipped in return | 144 | |
| 5811577380 | Galleons | Large, heavily armed ships used to carry silver from New World colonies to Spain; basis of convoy system used for transportation of bullion | 145 | |
| 5811583760 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Concluded in 1494 between Castile and Portugal; clarified spheres of influence and rights of possession; Brazil went to Portugal and the rest to Spain | 146 | |
| 5811590312 | Letrados | University-trained lawyers from Spain; basic personnel of the Spanish colonial bureaucratic system | 147 | |
| 5811595218 | Recopilacion | Body of laws collected in 1681 for Spanish New World possessions; bases of law in the Indies | 148 | |
| 5811599397 | Council of the Indies | Spanish government body that issued all laws and advised the king onall issues dealing with the New World colonies | 149 | |
| 5811604193 | Viceroyalities | Major divisions of Snapish New Wrold colonies headed by direct representatives of the king; one was based in Lima, the other in Mexico City | 150 | |
| 5811607342 | Viceroys | Senior government officials in Spanish America; ruled as direct representative of the ling over the principal administrative units or viceroyalities; usually high-ranking Spanish nobles with previous military or government experience. The Portugese also used voceroys who resided in Goa for their possessions in the Indian Ocean, and then after the mid-17th century for their colony in Brazil | 151 | |
| 5813203430 | Audiencia | Royal courts of appeals established in Spanish New World colonies; staffed by professional magistrates who made and applied laws | 152 | |
| 5813206053 | Sor Juana de la Cruz | 17th century author, poet, and musician of New Spain; gave up secular concerns to concentrate on spiritual manners | 153 | |
| 5813210153 | Pedro Alvares Cabral | Portugese leader of an expedition to India; landed in Brazil in 1500 | 154 | |
| 5813211550 | Captaincies | Areas along the Brazilian coast granted to Portugese nobles for colonial development | 155 | |
| 5813213924 | Paulistas | Backwoodsmen for Sao Paulo, Brazil; penetrated Brazilian interior in search of precious metals during the 17th century | 156 | |
| 5813217155 | Minas Gerais | Brazilian region where gold was discovered in 1695; a gold rush followed | 157 | |
| 5813219225 | Rio de Janeiro | Brazilian port used for minas of Minas Gerais; became capital in 1763 | 158 | |
| 5813223497 | Sociedad de castas | Spanish-American social system based on racial origins; Europeans on top, mixed racce in the middle, Indians and African slaves at the bottom | 159 | |
| 5813227171 | Peninsulares | Spanish-born residents of the New World | 160 | |
| 5813228572 | Creoles | People of European ancestory born in Spanish New World colonies; dominated local economies; ranked socially below peninsulares | 161 | |
| 5813233908 | Amigos del pais | Clubs and associations dedicated to reform in Spanish colonies; flourished during the 18th century; called for material improvement rather than political reforms | 162 | |
| 5813238587 | War of the Spanish Succession | Caused by the succession of the Bourbon family to the Spanish thron in 1701; ended by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713; resulted in recognition of Bourbons territorial loss, and grants commerical rights to English and French | 163 | |
| 5813244793 | Charles III | Spanish enlightened monarch; instituted fiscal, administrative, and military reforms in Spain and its empire | 164 | |
| 5813248271 | Jose de Galvez | Spanish Minister of the Indies and cheif architect of colonial reform; moved to eliminate Creoles from the upper colonial bureaucracy; created intendants for local government | 165 | |
| 5813253152 | Marquis of pombal | Prime Minister of Portugal; strengthened royal authority in Brazil, expelled the Jesuits, enacted fiscal reforms, and established monopoly companies to stimulate the colonial economy | 166 | |
| 5813259749 | Comunero Revolt | A popular revolt against Spanish rule in New Granada in 1781; suppressed due to government concessions and divisions among rebels | 167 | |
| 5813272178 | Tupac Amaru II | Mestizo leader of Indian revolt in Peru; supported by many in the lower social classes; revolt failed because of Creole fears of real social revolution | 168 |
