Terms : Hide Images
| 2883286908 | abacus | An ancient Chinese counting device that used rods on which were mounted movable counters | 0 | |
| 2883290168 | absolute monarchy | Rule by a king or queen whose power is not limited by a constitution | 1 | |
| 2883296102 | Afrikaners | South Africans who were descended from the Dutch who settled in South Africa in the seventeenth century | 2 | |
| 2883299923 | age grade | An age group into which children were placed in Bantu societies of early sub-Saharan Africa; children within the age grade wee given responsibilities and privileges suitable for their age and in this manner were prepared for adult responsibilities | 3 | |
| 2883310177 | Agricultural Revolution | The transition from foraging to the cultivation of food occurring about 8000-2000 BCE; also known as the Neolithic Revolution | 4 | |
| 2883315833 | Allah | The god of the Muslims; Arabic word for "god" | 5 | |
| 2883319187 | Alliance for Progress | A program of economic aid for Latin America in exchange for a pledge to establish democratic institutions; part of U.S. Presidents Kennedy's international program | 6 | |
| 2883330396 | Allied Powers | In World War I, the nations of Great Britain, France, Russia, the United States, and others that fought against the Central Powers; in World War II, the group of nations including Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States that fought against the Axis Powers. | 7 | |
| 2883345423 | al-Qaeda | A terrorist group based in Afghanistan in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries | 8 | |
| 2883354104 | animism | The belief that spirits inhabit the features of nature | 9 | |
| 2883365374 | Anschluss | The German annexation of Austria prior to World War II | 10 | |
| 2883367713 | apartheid | The South African policy of separation of the races | 11 | |
| 2883372143 | appeasement | Policy of Great Britain and France of making concessions to Hitler in the 1930s | 12 | |
| 2883376996 | aristocracy | Rule by a privileged hereditary class or nobility | 13 | |
| 2883387842 | artifact | An object made by human hands | 14 | |
| 2883387843 | artisan | A craftsman | 15 | |
| 2883389544 | astrolabe | A navigational instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars | 16 | |
| 2883394945 | Austronesian | A branch of languages originating in Oceania | 17 | |
| 2883409735 | ayatollah | A traditional Muslim religious ruler | 18 | |
| 2883411237 | ayllus | In Incan society, a clan or community that worked together on projects required by the ruler | 19 | |
| 2883418138 | bakufu | A military government established in Japan after the Gempei Wars; the emperor became a figurehead, while real power was concentrated in the military, including the samurai | 20 | |
| 2883430015 | Bantu-speaking peoples | Name given to a group of sub-Saharan African peoples whose migrations altered the society of sub-Saharan Africa | 21 | |
| 2883433464 | Battle of Tours | The 732 CE battle that halted the advance of Muslim armies into Europe at a point in Northern France | 22 | |
| 2883438833 | benefice | In medieval Europe, a grant of land or other privilege to a vassal | 23 | |
| 2883446988 | Berlin Conference (1884-1885) | Meeting of European Imperialist powers to divide Africa among them | 24 | |
| 2883450252 | Black Death | The European name for the outbreak of the bubonic plague that spread across Asia, Europe, and North Africa in the fourteenth century | 25 | |
| 2883462103 | bodhisattas | Buddhist holy men who accumulated spiritual merits during their lifetimes; Buddhists prayed to them in order to receive some of their holiness | 26 | |
| 2883468369 | Boer War (1899-1902) | War between the British and the Dutch over Dutch independence in South Africa; resulted in British victory | 27 | |
| 3577620190 | Boers | South African of Dutch descent | 28 | |
| 3577620548 | bourgeoisie | In France, the class of merchants and artisans who were members of the Third Estate and initiators of the French Revolution; in Marxist theory, a term referring to factory owners. | 29 | |
| 3577633747 | Boxer Rebellion | (1898) Revolt against foreign residents of China | 30 | |
| 3577635576 | boyars | Russian nobility | 31 | |
| 3577635577 | Brahmin | A member of the social class of priests in the Aryan society | 32 | |
| 3577637126 | brinkmanship | The cold war policy of the Soviet Union and the United Sates of threatening to go to war at a sign of aggression on the part of either power | 33 | |
| 3577638029 | British Commonwealth | A political community consisting of the United Kingdom, its dependencies, and former colonies of Great Britain that are now sovereign nations; currently called the Commonwealth of Nations | 34 | |
| 3577640736 | bushi | Regional military leaders in Japan who ruled small kingdoms from fortresses | 35 | |
| 3651391119 | bushido | The code of honor of the samurai of Japan | 36 | |
| 3651391161 | caliph | The chief Muslim political and religious leader | 37 | |
| 3651394113 | calpulli | Aztec clans that supplied labor and warriors to leaders | 38 | |
| 3651400620 | capital | The money and equipment needed to engage in industrialization | 39 | |
| 3651402297 | capitalism | An economic system based on private ownership and opportunity for profit-making | 40 | |
| 3651404825 | caravel | A small, easily steerable ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in their explorations | 41 | |
| 3651408314 | cartels | Unions of independent business in order to regulated production, prices, and the marketing of goods | 42 | |
| 3651410778 | Catholic Reformation (Counter-Reformation) | The religious reform movement within the Roman Catholic Church that occurred in response to the Protestant Reformation. It reaffirmed Catholic beliefs and promoted education. | 43 | |
| 3651417663 | Central Powers | In World War I, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and the other nations who fought with them against the Allies | 44 | |
| 3651422331 | chinampas | Platforms of twisted vines and mud that served the Aztecs as floating gardens and extended their agricultural land | 45 | |
| 3651425787 | chivalry | A knight's code of honor in medieval Europe | 46 | |
| 3651427755 | civilization | A cultural group with advanced cities, complex institutions, skilled workers, advanced technology, and a system of record-keeping | 47 | |
| 3651435983 | climate | The pattern of temperature and precipitation over a period of time | 48 | |
| 3651438214 | coalition | A government based on temporary alliances of several political parties | 49 | |
| 3651441016 | Code Napoleon | Collection of laws that standardized French law under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte | 50 | |
| 3651443964 | cold war | The tense diplomatic relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II | 51 | |
| 3651446410 | collectivization | The combination of several small farms into a large government-controlled farm | 52 | |
| 3651449503 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of food crops, livestock, and disease between the Eastern and Western hemispheres after the voyages of Columbus | 53 | |
| 3651457163 | commercial revolution | The expansion of trade and commerce in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries | 54 | |
| 3651458578 | communism | An economic system in which the state controls the means of production | 55 | |
| 3651462444 | conscription | Military draft | 56 | |
| 3651462445 | conservatism | In nineteenth-century Europe, a movement that supported monarchies, aristocracies, and state-established churches | 57 | |
| 3651466565 | containment | Cold war policy of the United States whose purpose was to prevent the spread of communism | 58 | |
| 3651469714 | Cossacks | Russians who conquered and settled Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries | 59 | |
| 3651471717 | covenant | Agreement; in the Judeo-Christian heritage, an agreement between God and humankind | 60 | |
| 3651476275 | criollos (creoles) | A term used in colonial Spanish America to describe a person born in the Americas of European parents | 61 | |
| 3651479327 | cubism | A school of art in which persons and objects are represented by geometric forms | 62 | |
| 3651485702 | cultural diffusion | The transmission of ideas and products from one culture to another | 63 | |
| 3651487365 | Cultural Revolution | A Chinese movement from 1966 to 1967 intended to establish an egalitarian society of peasants and workers | 64 | |
| 3651489998 | cuneiform | A system of writing originating in Mesopotamia in which a wedge-shaped stylus was used to press symbols into clay | 65 | |
| 3658599610 | daimyo | A Japanese feudal lord in charge of an army of samurai | 66 | |
| 3658601404 | Dar al-Islam | The House of Islam; a term representing the political and religious unity of the various Islamic groups | 67 | |
| 3658606682 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen | A statement of political rights adopted by the French National Assembly during the French Revolution | 68 | |
| 3658610329 | Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen | A statement of the rights of women written by Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man | 69 | |
| 3658612822 | Deism | The concept of God common to the Scientific Revolution; the deity was believed to have set the world in motion and then allowed it to operate by natural laws | 70 | |
| 3658617095 | democracy | A political system in which the people rule | 71 | |
| 3658620286 | deoxiribonucleic acid (DNA) | The blueprint of heredity | 72 | |
| 3658623075 | devshirme | A practice of the Ottoman Empire to take Christian boys from their home communities to serve as Janissaries | 73 | |
| 3658625509 | dharma | The position in the Hindu caste system that was determined by one;s birth | 74 | |
| 3658626987 | diaspora | The exile of an ethnic or racial group from their homeland | 75 | |
| 3658629136 | divine right | The belief of absolute rulers that their right to govern is granted by God | 76 | |
| 3658630811 | domestic system | A manufacturing method in which the stages of the manufacturing process are carried out in private homes rather than a factory setting | 77 | |
| 3658636408 | Duma | The Russian parliament | 78 | |
| 3658637498 | Dutch learning | Western learning embraced by some Japanese in the eighteenth century | 79 | |
| 3658640745 | dynasty | A series of rulers from the same family | 80 | |
| 3658642269 | economic imperlialism | Control of a country;s economy by the businesses of another nation | 81 | |
| 3658644461 | economic liberalism | The economic philosophy that government intervention in and regulation of the economy should be minimal | 82 | |
| 3658647658 | Edict of Milan | A document that made Christianity one of the religions allowed in the Roman Empire | 83 | |
| 3658649640 | empirical research | Research based on the collection of data | 84 | |
| 3658652595 | enclosure movement | The fencing of pasture land in England beginning prior to the Industrial Revolution | 85 | |
| 3658654905 | encomienda | A practice in the Spanish colonies that granted land and the labor of Native Americans on that land to European colonists | 86 | |
| 3658657104 | Enlightenment | A philosophical movement in eighteenth-century Europe that was based on reason and the concept that education and training could improve humankind and society | 87 | |
| 3658661799 | entrepreneurship | The ability to combine the factors of land, labor, and capital to create factory production | 88 | |
| 3658665531 | estates | The divisions of society in prerevolutionary France | 89 | |
| 3658669327 | Estates-General | The traditional legislative body of France | 90 | |
| 3658670737 | euro | The standard currency introduced and adopted by the majority of members of the European Union in January 2002 | 91 | |
| 3658673136 | European Union | An organization designed to reduce trade barriers and promote economic unity in Europe; it was formed in 1993 to replace the European Community | 92 | |
| 3658677012 | evangelical | Pertaining to preaching the Gospel (the good news) or pertaining to theologically conservative Christians | 93 | |
| 3658679849 | excommunication | The practice of the Roman Catholic and other Christian churches of prohibiting participation in the sacraments to those who do not comply with church teachings or practices | 94 | |
| 3658687682 | extraterritoriality | The right of foreigners to live under the laws of their home country rather than those of the host country | 95 | |
| 3658690927 | factor | An agent with trade privileges in early Russia | 96 | |
| 3658692552 | fascism | A political movement that is characterized by extreme nationalism one-party rule, and the denial of individual rights | 97 | |
| 3658695350 | feminism | The movement to achieve women's rights | 98 | |
| 3658696512 | feudalism | A political, economic, and social system based on the relationship between lord and vassal in order to provide protection | 99 | |
| 3692798549 | fief | In medieval Europe, a grant of land given in exchange for military or other sevices | 100 | |
| 3692802246 | filial piety | In Chine, respect for one's parents and other elders | 101 | |
| 3692807250 | Five Pillars | Five practices required of Muslims: faith, prayer, alms-giving, fasting, and pilgrimage | 102 | |
| 3692814558 | Five-Year Plans | Plans for industrial production first introduced to the Soviet Union in 1928 by Stalin; they succeeded in making the Soviet Union a major industrial power by the end of the 1930's | 103 | |
| 3692820000 | footbinding | In China, a method of breaking and binding women's feet; seen as a sign of beauty and social position, footbinding also confined women to the household | 104 | |
| 3692827568 | foraging | A term for hunting and gathering | 105 | |
| 3692829060 | fundamentalism | A return to traditional religious beliefs and practices | 106 | |
| 3692830929 | Geneva COnference | A 1954 conference that divided Vietnam at the seventeenth parallel | 107 | |
| 3692832805 | genocide | The systematic killing of an entire ethnic group | 108 | |
| 3692835183 | geocentric theory | The belief held by many before the Scientific Revolution that the earth is the center of the universe | 109 | |
| 3692837847 | glasnost | The 1985 policy of Mikhail Gorbachev that allowed openness of expression of ideas in the Soviet Union | 110 | |
| 3692843573 | Glorious Revolution | The bloodless overthrow of King James I and the placement of William and Mary on the English throne | 111 | |
| 3692848177 | gold standard | A monetary system in which currency is backed up by a specific amount of gold | 112 | |
| 3692850885 | Gothic architecture | Architecture of twelfth-century Europe, featuring stained-glass windows, flying buttresses, tall spires, and pointed arches | 113 | |
| 3692860991 | Gran Colombia | The temporary union of the northern portion of South America after the independence movements led by Simon Bolivar; ended in 1830 | 114 | |
| 3692865690 | Great Depression | The severe worldwide economic downturn that began in the late 1920's and continued into the 1930s throughout many regions of the world | 115 | |
| 3692869812 | Great Leap Forward | The disastrous economic policy introduced by Mao Zedong that proposed the implementation of small-scale industrial projects on individual peasant communes | 116 | |
| 3692876572 | Green Revoluton | A program of improved irrigation methods and the introduction of high-yield seeds and fertilizers and pesticides to improve agriculture production; the Green Revolution was especially successful in Asia but was also used in Latin America | 117 | |
| 3692883680 | griots | Storytellers of sub-Saharan Africa wh carried on oral traditions and histories | 118 | |
| 3692887937 | guano | Bird droppings used as fertilizer; a major trade item of Peru in the late nineteenth century | 119 | |
| 3692897976 | guest workers | Workers from North Africa and Asia who migrated to Europe during the late twentieth century in search of employment; some guest workers settled in Europe permanently | 120 | |
| 3692901954 | Guomindang | China;s Nationalist political party founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1912 and based on democratic principles; in 1925 the party was taken over by Jiang Jieshi, who made it into a more authoritarian party | 121 | |
| 3692908301 | Hadith | A collection of the sayings and deeds of Muhammad | 122 | |
| 3692909558 | hajj | The pilgrimage to the Kaaba in Mecca required once of every Muslim who is not limited by health or financial reasons | 123 | |
| 3692913821 | harem | A household of wives and concubines in the Middle East, Africa, or Asia | 124 | |
| 3692918322 | heliocentric theory | The concept that the sun is the center of the universe | 125 | |
| 3692921968 | Hellenistic Age | The era (c. 323 to 30 BCE) in which Greek culture blended with Persian and other Eastern influences spread throughout the former empire of Alexander the Great | 126 | |
| 3692928395 | Helsinki Accords | A 1975 political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland by Western European countries and the Soviet Union | 127 | |
| 3692933557 | hieroglyphics | A system of picture writing used in Egypt | 128 | |
| 3692935065 | hijrah | The flight ofvMuhammad from Mecca to Medina; the first year in the Muslim calendar | 129 | |
| 3701021905 | Holocaust | The Nazi program during World War II that killed six million Jews and other groups considered to be undesirable | 130 | |
| 3701024828 | imperialism | The establishment of colonial empires | 131 | |
| 3701088841 | import substitution industrialization | An economic system that attempts to strength a country's industrial power by restricting foreign imports | 132 | |
| 3701091990 | Inca | The ruler of the Quechua people of the west coast of South America; the term is also applied to the Quechua people as a whole | 133 | |
| 3701096389 | indentured servitude | The practice of contracting with a master to provide labor for a specified period of years in exchange for passage and living expenses | 134 | |
| 3701115289 | Indian National Congress | Political party that became the leader of the Indian Nationalist movement | 135 | |
| 3701117003 | Indo-Europeans | A group of seminomadic peoples who, around 2000 BCE, began to mirae from central Asia to India, Europe, and the Middle East | 136 | |
| 3701120209 | indulgence | A document whose purchase was said to grant the bearer forgiveness of sins | 137 | |
| 3701122669 | Industrial Revoultion | The transition between the domestic system of manufacturing and the mechanization of production in a factory setting | 138 | |
| 3701128027 | International Monetary Fund | An international organization founded in 1944 to promote market economies and free trade | 139 | |
| 3717439607 | International Space Station | A vehicle sponsored by sixteen nations that circles the earth while carrying out esperiments | 140 | |
| 3717440214 | investiure | The authority claimed by monarchs to appoint church officials | 141 | |
| 3717440862 | Jacobins | Extreme radicals during the French Revolution | 142 | |
| 3717441481 | Janissaries | Members of the Ottoman army, often slaves, who were taken from Christian lands | 143 | |
| 3717442652 | jati | One of many sub-castes in the Hindu caste system | 144 | |
| 3717444632 | Jesuits | Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic missionary and educational order founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534 | 145 | |
| 3717446529 | jihad | Islamic holy war | 146 | |
| 3717446576 | junks | Large Chinese sailing ships especially designed for long-distance travel during the Tang and Song dynasties | 147 | |
| 3717449051 | Kaaba | A black stone or meteorite that became the most revered shrine in Arabia before the introduction of Islam; situated in Mecca, it was later incorporated in the Islamic faith | 148 | |
| 3717452132 | Kabuki theater | A form of Japanese theater developed in the seventeenth century that features colorful scenery and costumes and an exaggerated style of acting | 149 | |
| 3717455475 | kamikaze | The "divine wind" credited by the Japanese with preventing the Mongol invasion of Japan during the thirteenth century | 150 | |
| 3717457534 | karma | In Hindu tradition, the good or evil deeds done by a person | 151 | |
| 3717458497 | Khan | A Mongol ruler | 152 | |
| 3717460619 | kowtow | A ritualistic bow practiced in the Chinese court | 153 | |
| 3717461049 | kulaks | Russian peasants who became wealthy under Lenin's New Economic Policy | 154 | |
| 3717464648 | laissez-faire economics | An economic concept that holds that government should not interfere with or regulate businesses and industries | 155 | |
| 3717465408 | lateen sail | A triangular sail attached to a short mast | 156 | |
| 3717465980 | latifundia | Large landholdings in the Roman Empire | 157 | |
| 3717466677 | League of Nations | International organization founded after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among nations | 158 | |
| 3717467787 | liberalism | An Enlightenment philosophy that favored civil rights, the protection of private property, and representative government | 159 | |
| 3717473170 | Liberation Theology | A religious belief that emphasizes social justice for victims of poverty and oppression | 160 | |
| 3717473973 | limited liability corporation (LLC) | A business organization in which the owners have limited personal legal responsibility for debts and actions of the business | 161 | |
| 3717476330 | Magna Carta | A document written in England in 1215 that granted certain rights to nobles; later these rights came to be extended to all classes | 162 | |
| 3717478021 | Malay sailors | Southeast Asian sailors who traveled the Indian Ocean; by 500 CE, they had colonized Madagascar, introducing the cultivation of the banana | 163 | |
| 3717480378 | Mamluks | Turkic military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid Caliphate i the ninth and tenth centuries; they founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from the thirteenth to the early sixteenth centuries | 164 | |
| 3717489442 | Manchus | Peoples from northeastern Asia who founded China's Qing dynasty | 165 | |
| 3717490662 | mandate | A type of colony in which the government is overseen by another nation, as in the Middle Eastern mandates placed under European control after World War I | 166 | |
| 3717493480 | mandate of heaven | The concept developed by the Zhou dynasty that the deity granted a dynasty the right to rule and took away that right if the dynasty did not rule wisely | 167 | |
| 3717495227 | manoralism | The system of self-sufficient estates that arose in medieval Europe | 168 | |
| 3717497107 | Maori | A member of a Polynesian group that settled in New Zealand about 800 CE | 169 |
