Terms : Hide Images
| 993334344 | Middle Ages | A postclassical period in Western Europe beginning with the fall of the Roman Empire and ending in the 15th century. Also known as Medieval Ages. | 0 | |
| 993334345 | Vikings | Seagoing people from Scandinavia who frequently raided Western Europe. | 1 | |
| 993456624 | Manorialism | The system of economic and social relationships between landlords and their peasant laborers. Every manor was very self-sufficient, so there was little trade. | 2 | |
| 993456625 | serfs | Low-classed agricultural workers who received some protection in return for their goods. They made up a majority of the population on the manor. | 3 | |
| 993456626 | three-field system | A method in which one third of the land is left unplanted each year to regain fertility. | 4 | |
| 993456628 | Carolingians | A Frankish noble family that eventually took control of most of Western Europe. | 5 | |
| 993456629 | Charles Martel | Charles the Hammer--He defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Tours in 732 and was the military leader of the Merovingian Franks. | 6 | |
| 993456630 | Charlemagne | Charles the Great--He established an empire in France and Germany around 800. :forced conversion on non-Christians :tries to reestablish Rome :improved writing :divided empire into 3 among his grandsons | 7 | |
| 993456631 | Holy Roman Emperors | A title derived from the combination of Christian and classical claims. Charlemagne was the first to claim this title, but it was used until the 19th century. | 8 | |
| 993456632 | Feudalism | A political and military system where landowners maintain private armies. Greater lords provide protection for lower lords in exchange for military service. | 9 | |
| 993456633 | vassals | One who received a land grant as well as protection from a higher lord in exchange for military service, goods, or payments. | 10 | |
| 993456634 | William the Conqueror | Duke of Normandy-- Conquered England in 1066 in the Battle of Hastings. | 11 | |
| 993456635 | Magna Carta | The Great Charter--A document King John was forced to sign that confirmed feudal rights against monarchical claims. | 12 | |
| 993456636 | Parliaments | Governmental bodies that represented not individual voters but privileged groups such as nobles and the church. It is composed of the House of Lords (nobles, church) and House of Commons (representatives elected by the wealthy). | 13 | |
| 993456638 | Hundred Years' War | A long battle between France and England. It was fought over territories the English king controlled in France and over feudal rights versus the emerging claims of national states. | 14 | |
| 993456639 | Urban II | The pope who called for the first crusade in 1095. He convinces people of Western Europe by appealing to their piety and promising full forgiveness of sins for those who go. | 15 | |
| 993456640 | Gregory VII | A great pope who attempted to purify the church by freeing it from the interference of feudal lords and the state. | 16 | |
| 993456641 | Investiture | The practice of state appointments of bishops. Gregory VII disagreed with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, so it became a big controversy. | 17 | |
| 993456644 | Gothic | A 11th century style used in a majority of Western Europe's cathedrals and other buildings following the use the of Romanesque style. | 18 | |
| 993456646 | Guilds | Organizations that grouped people in the same profession in a single city. These groups provided mutual control and security and valued quality over profit. They also allowed workers to share materials and helped workers decide on pricing. | 19 | |
| 993456647 | Black Death | A devastating plague that started in 1348 and killed millions of people. | 20 |
