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| 11835101457 | Vesalius | of Belgium studied human anatomy. | 0 | |
| 11835106592 | John Harvey | of England explained the circulatory system. | 1 | |
| 11835108670 | Mary Wollstonecraft | of England who spoke out for political rights for women. | 2 | |
| 11835110767 | Denis Diderot | of France, complied the Encylopedie, which included the scientific and social knowledge of the Enlightenment. | 3 | |
| 11835112950 | Magna Carta | in 1215, in an effort to control the tax policies of King John, English nobles forced John to sign this document. This document endowed the English nobility with basic rights that were later interpreted to extend the other English social classes as well. | 4 | |
| 11835115543 | Martin Luther | a German priest and former monk who nailed 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany. He believed that his studies of the Bible had led him to believe that salvation was obtained only through faith in Jesus Christ as savior of the world from sin and was not dependent on following Church practices and traditions. | 5 | |
| 11835117882 | Johannes Gutenberg | adapted Chinese printing style of moveable type to give Europe large scale printing technology. He also printed the Bible in 1455 for the first time. | 6 | |
| 11835120962 | Second Protestant Reformation | occurred in England when Henry VIII of England broke with the Roman Catholic Church over the pope's refusal to annul his first marriage, which had not produced him an heir. Under Henry's daughter, Elizabeth I, England officially recognized Protestantism. | 7 | |
| 11835125251 | Philosophes | or French philosophers, many of whom discussed their ideas at Parisian meetinghouses called salons. | 8 |
