Terms : Hide Images
| 13653188661 | Encomiendas | were grants from the Spanish crown that allowed the holds to exploit the Indians living on the land they controlled. In Peru, the exploitation of Indians took the form of mita, or forced labor, especially in silver mines | 0 | |
| 13653188662 | Spanish American Society | took a hierarchical structure with four basic classes: peninsulares, criolloes (Creoles), Mestizos and Mulatos. | 1 | |
| 13653188663 | Peninsulares | colonist born in Europe. They initially held the most powerful positions in colonial society. | 2 | |
| 13653188664 | Criolloes (Creoles) | colonist born in the Americas of European parents. Generally well educated and financially secure, they would eventually become colonial leaders and organizers of colonial independence movements. | 3 | |
| 13653188665 | Mestizos | people of mixed European and Indian ancestry. Occupied the lowest political and social positions in Spanish American society. | 4 | |
| 13653188666 | Mulatos (Mulattos) | people of mixed European and African ancestry. Occupied the lowest political and social positions in Spanish American society. | 5 | |
| 13653188667 | Jesuits | Roman Catholic religious orders like this one established churches and missions throughout the world where they educated the Indians and taught them the Christian faith. The Roman Catholic faith became an integral element in the society of the Spanish colonies. | 6 | |
| 13653188668 | Brazil | the Portuguese colony that became the first colony based on a plantation economy. Founded by Pedro Cabral in 1500, it was settled in 1532 by Portuguese nobles. Sugar plantations using Indian labor arose; when the Indians died of European diseases, slaves were brought in from Africa. Society was based on a hierarchy similar to that of the Spanish colonies, and Roman Catholicism was introduced by Jesuit missionaries. | 7 | |
| 13653188669 | Spanish Galleons | carried loads of gold and silver across the Atlantic Ocean to Spain, where the influx of such large quantities of the precious metal caused inflation of the Spanish economy. Eventually, inflation spread throughout Europe. | 8 | |
| 13653188670 | Council of Indies | Spanish government in the Americas was a massive bureaucracy controlled by Spain through this council. The council with further divided into two viceroyalties, one centered in Mexico City and the other in Lima, in present-day Peru. | 9 |
