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| 7883537497 | Bedouins | Nomadic Arabs | 0 | |
| 7883541300 | Mecca | Important trade city of Arabia. | 1 | |
| 7883551124 | The Kaaba | The most prominent religious shrine in Mecca. | 2 | |
| 7883565892 | The Quraysh | The local tribe that controlled local trade and pilgrimage in Mecca. | 3 | |
| 7883610290 | Muhammad | The prophet of Islam and "the seal of the prophets". He was orphaned at a young age, became a prosperous merchant, and took to withdraw and meditation. - From Mecca | 4 | |
| 7883640814 | The Quran | Where Muhammad's revelations were recorded. When heard in its original Arabic, it is believed to convey the presence of the divine. | 5 | |
| 7883659795 | Islam | - Monotheistic - Muhammad as "the seal of the prophets" - Return to old, pure religion of Abraham - Submission of Allah - Need to create a new society of social justice, equality, and care for others | 6 | |
| 7883688645 | Umma | A society for Muslims that promotes social justice, equality, and caring for others. | 7 | |
| 7883700958 | Five Pillars of Islam | - There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of God - Prayer five times a day - Generous giving to help the community and the needy - Fasting during the month of Ramadan - Pilgrimage to Mecca once a year | 8 | |
| 7883729649 | Hajj | Pilgrimage to Mecca | 9 | |
| 7883738182 | Jihad | (Struggle): The "sixth pillar" | 10 | |
| 7883749069 | Greater Jihad | Personal spiritual striving | 11 | |
| 7883755641 | Lesser Jihad | Armed struggle against unbelief and evil | 12 | |
| 7883761576 | Hijra | Muhammad's emigration to Yathrib/Medina. | 13 | |
| 7883777351 | Rapid Expansion of Islam Throughout Arabia | - Military successes led to alliances - Large-scale conversion - Consolidation of Islamic control throughout Arabia by the time of Muhammad's death | 14 | |
| 7883794635 | Differences between Islam and Christianity | - Islam did not grow up as a persecuted minority religion - Islam didn't separate the church and the state | 15 | |
| 7887042409 | War and Conquest of Arabic Empire | - Arabic conquests were a continuation of long-term raiding patterns - new level of political organization allowed greater mobilization - Byzantine and Persian Empire were weaken by long wars and internal revolts - Defeated the Sassanid Empire (Persian) and took half of the Byzantine Empire - Conquered most of Spain | 16 | |
| 7887094744 | The Battle of Talas River | Arab forces defeat the Chinese Army. Allowed for Islam to diffuse into Central Asia. | 17 | |
| 7887106212 | Reasons for Arabic Expansion | - Economic: Capture trade routes and agricultural regions - Individual Arabs sought wealth and social promotion - Communal: Conquest helped hold the umma together - Religious: Bring the true government (Islamic) to the conquered | 18 | |
| 7887124126 | Conversion to Islam | - Conversion for many was "social conversion", not deep spiritual change - Islam's kinship to other monotheistic religions - Islam was associated from the beginning with a powerful state-suggested that Allah was a good god to have on your side | 19 | |
| 7887147949 | Incentives for Conversion | - Converts didn't have to pay tax - Islam favored commerce - Social climbers were helped by conversion | 20 | |
| 7887168362 | Rightly Guided Caliphs | First four caliphs that were companions of Muhammad - Uthman and Ali were both assassinated | 21 | |
| 7887177391 | Sunnis | - Believed that caliphs were rightful political and military leaders, chosen by the Islamic community - Religious authority derives from the larger community | 22 | |
| 7887184483 | Shias | - Believed that leaders should be blood relatives of Muhammad, descended from Ali and his son - Imams have religious authority | 23 | |
| 7887216816 | Umayyad Dynasty | A dynasty that expanded the Arabic Empire. Damascus - capital Family of caliphs that ruled the empire. | 24 | |
| 7887226468 | Abbasid Dynasty | The dynasty that overthrew the Umayyads. Ruled an increasingly fragmented Islamic State. Baghdad = capital | 25 | |
| 7887232389 | Sharia | Islamic law | 26 | |
| 7887232391 | Sufis | Reacted against the distraction of worldly success against other Muslims. | 27 | |
| 7887246946 | Women in Islam | - Spiritual level: Quran stated explicitly that women and men were equals - Social level: Quran viewed women as subordinate, especially in marriage - Growing restrictions on women as the Arabic Empire expanded under Abbasid rule | 28 | |
| 7887271543 | Hadiths | Traditions about Muhammad - Developed more negative views of women | 29 | |
| 7887285001 | Sultanate of Delhi | Turkish-controlled Muslim government in India. | 30 | |
| 7887296843 | Differences between Islam and Hinduism | - Monotheism vs. Polytheism - Equality of believers vs. caste system - Sexual modesty vs. open eroticism | 31 | |
| 7887305902 | Sikhism | Syncretic religion with both elements of Islam and Hinduism. | 32 | |
| 7887314627 | Invasion of Anatolia (Turkey) | - By 1500, 90% of the population was Muslim, and most spoke Turkish - Much deeper destruction of Byzantine society in Anatolia - Turkish rulers of Anatolia welcomed converts - Sufis replaced Christian institutions in Anatolia | 33 | |
| 7887335159 | The Ottoman Empire | The most powerful Islamic state after 1500. | 34 | |
| 7887343080 | Spread of Islam to West Africa | - Islam came peacefully with traders, not by conquests - Islam spread mostly in urban centers - Islam provided links to Muslim trading centers | 35 | |
| 7887355011 | Timbuktu | The city in West Africa that had over 150 Quranic schools and several centers of higher education. | 36 | |
| 7887367477 | al-Andalus | The Muslim name for Spain. | 37 | |
| 7887373813 | Invasion of Spain | - Arab and Berber forces conquered most of Spain. - Islam did not overwhelm Christianity there. - High degree of interaction between Muslims, Christians, and Jews - Christians adopted Arabic culture but not religion | 38 | |
| 7887401096 | Madrassas | Formal colleges that taught religion, law, and sometimes secular subjects in the Arabic Empire. | 39 | |
| 7887418389 | House of Wisdom | A research center in Baghdad that translated texts into Arabic. | 40 | |
| 7887558490 | Mura Mansa | - Considered the wealthiest person in the world. - Lived in West Africa - Participated in a famous hajj to Mecca | 41 | |
| 7887576532 | Muslims | Ones who submit to Muhammad and Allah. | 42 | |
| 7887606327 | The Battle of Tours | The key battle that marked the end of Islamic expansion into Western Europe. | 43 | |
| 7887618261 | Ali | Muhammad's cousin that was killed by the Sunnis. | 44 | |
| 7895439066 | Ulamas | Islamic religious scholars | 45 | |
| 7895454503 | Abu Bakr | The first Rightly Guided Caliphs Supported by the Sharias | 46 |
