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AP World History/Chemistry Vocab Flashcards

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4649147447Mandatean official order or commission to do something.0
4649147448Constitutiona body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.1
4649148149Feudalismthe dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.2
4649148150Centralizedconcentrate (control of an activity or organization) under a single authority.3
4649148592Decentralizedtransfer (authority) from central to local government.4
4649148593Tyrannycruel and oppressive government or rule.5
4649149320Autocracya system of government by one person with absolute power.6
4649149321Peripherythe outer limits or edge of an area or object.7
4649149730City-Statea city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.8
4649149731Revolutiona forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.9
4649150194Post"behind," "after," "later," "subsequent to," "posterior to,"10
4649150195Pre"before" ( preclude; prevent); applied freely as a prefix, with the meanings "prior to," "in advance of," "early," "beforehand," "before," "in front of,"11
4649150700Civilizationthe stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.12
4649151175Plethoraa large or excessive amount of (something).13
4649152476Irrigationthe watering of land to make it ready for agriculture.14
4649152477Ethnocentrismevaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.15
4649152834Xenophobiaintense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries.16
4649152835Nativismthe policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.17
4649153201Foraging(of a person or animal) search widely for food or provisions.18
4649153202Matrilinealof or based on kinship with the mother or the female line.19
4649155295Patriarchalof, relating to, or characteristic of a patriarch.20
4649155296Cultural Diffusionthe spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another. The mixing of world cultures through different ethnicities, religions and nationalities has increased with advanced communication, transportation and technology.21
4649155878Metallurgythe branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification.22
4649155879Pictographa pictorial symbol for a word or phrase. Pictographs were used as the earliest known form of writing, examples having been discovered in Egypt and Mesopotamia from before 3000 BC.23
4649156363Tributean act, statement, or gift that is intended to show gratitude, respect, or admiration.24
4649156364Oligarchya small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.25
4649156942Aristocracythe highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices.26
4649156943Monarchya form of government with a monarch at the head. Monarch-may exercise the highest authority and power in the state, or others may wield that power on behalf of the monarch.27
4649157350Democracya system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.28
4649157351Republicanisman ideology of being a citizen in a state as a republic (rather than as a monarchy or dictatorship) under which the people hold popular sovereignty.29
4649158574Theocracya system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.30
4649158575Migrationmovement from one part of something to another.31
4649159076Immigrationthe action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.32
4649160589DiasporaJews living outside Israel. (peebles in china lol)33
4649160590Heresiesbelief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious (especially Christian) doctrine.34
4649161579Peasanta poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries).35
4649161580Primogeniturethe state of being the firstborn child.36
4649162062Calligraphydecorative handwriting or handwritten lettering.37
4649162063Fiefan estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service.38
4649162331Bureaucracya system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.39
4649162332Scholara specialist in a particular branch of study, especially the humanities; a distinguished academic.40
4649162850Counterspeak or act in opposition to.41
4649163544Chartera written grant by a country's legislative or sovereign power, by which an institution such as a company, college, or city is created and its rights and privileges defined.42
4649163975Ideologya system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.43
4649163976Interactionsreciprocal action or influence.44
4649164419Demographythe study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.45
4649164778Absolutismthe acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.46
4649164779Seculardenoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis.47
4649165131Textilea type of cloth or woven fabric.48
4649165650Stratificationa system or formation of layers, classes, or categories.49
4649165651Yeomana man holding and cultivating a small landed estate; a freeholder.50
4649166500Predestination(as a doctrine in Christian theology) the divine foreordaining of all that will happen, especially with regard to the salvation of some and not others. It has been particularly associated with the teachings of St. Augustine of Hippo and of Calvin.51
4649166501Covenantan agreement.52
4649166931Natura/Inalienable Rightsare those that are not dependent on the laws, customs, or beliefs of any particular culture or government, and therefore universal and inalienable (i.e., rights that cannot be repealed or restrained by human laws).53
4649166932Continentany of the world's main continuous expanses of land.54
4649167524Regionan area or division, especially part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries.55
4649167525Statethe particular condition that someone or something is in at a specific time.56
4649168030Privateeran armed ship owned and officered by private individuals holding a government commission and authorized for use in war, especially in the capture of enemy merchant shipping.57
4649168392Popular Sovereigntythe sovereignty of the people's rule is the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power.58
4649168393Mobocracyrule or domination by the masses.59
4649168832Egalitarianof, relating to, or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.60
4649168833Monogamythe practice or state of being married to one person at a time.61
4649169970Polygamythe practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the same time.62
4649169971Syncretismthe amalgamation or attempted amalgamation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought.63
4649170214Sericulturethe production of silk and the rearing of silkworms for this purpose.64

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