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| 271606052 | Islam - Gnrl | Arab peninsula = desert. Bedouin nomads in clan groups Muhammad idn Abdullah born to Mecca merchant fam 595 Orphaned, ecame merchant, exposed to many faiths @ 40 = transformation. Allah is only god, would bring judgement. Info delivered by archangel Gabriel | 0 | |
| 271606053 | Islam - Gnrl | Quran - holy book compiled of Muhammad's recitations Hadith - sayings & deeds of Muhammad Hijra - Muhammads move to Medina under persecution in 622. beginning of Muslim calendar Umma - cohesive community of Muslims in Medina | 1 | |
| 271606054 | Islam - Gnrl | Conflicts @ Mecca bc views were offensive esp to ruling elite and wealthy merchants. Attacks on idolatry threatened black rock @ Ka'ba | 2 | |
| 271606055 | Islam - Gnrl | Muhammad returns to Mecca & conquers 630 (did not enslave or kill survivors) Govt dedicated to Allah - destroy pagan shrine, build mosque Five Pillars taught by Muhammad Islamic law (sharia) inspired by Quran | 3 | |
| 271606056 | Umayyad - Political | Caliph - religious and political leader Abu Bakr 1st caliph upon Muhammad death Capital in Damascus (Syria) ruled for interest of military aristocracy | 4 | |
| 271606057 | Umayyad - Religious | Shia sect - support Ali and Muhammad des. for caliph | 5 | |
| 271606058 | Umayyad - Social | Tolerant towards conquered people, but no power. Jizya on non-Muslims. Even non-Arab converts discriminated against | 6 | |
| 271606059 | Abbasid - Political | Abu al-Abbas allies with Shias and non-Arab Muslims Won battle w/Umayyad in 750 No longer conquered new lands - build & strengthen like Han Wudi | 7 | |
| 271606060 | Abbasid - Political | Persian techniques for govt - integrated Persians into society Ulama (people with religious knowledge) and qadis (judges) ruled locally instead of priests Harun al-Rashid = high point. good relations w/ Byz/Charlemagne | 8 | |
| 271606061 | Abbasid - Decline | Harun's sons struggle for succession led to civil war governors took power peasants rebelled Persian noble takes Baghdad in 945 Saljuq Turks take over political power (leave caliph religious) | 9 | |
| 271606062 | Abbasid - Social | No special treatment to military aristocracy | 10 | |
| 271606063 | Islam - Intellectual | spread new foods & industrial crops like sugar, spinach, artichokes, cotton etc better ag production (crop rotation, fertilizer, irrigation) = urbanization | 11 | |
| 271606064 | Islam - Intellectual | Paper manufacture, camel saddle, compass from China, lateen sail from India, astrolabe from Hellinistic mariners Mosques maintained schools (madrasa) Adopted Hindi numerals, algebra, and trig | 12 | |
| 271606065 | Islam - Economy | revived silk road trade - maintained for military and admin extensive banks - sakk (letter of credit) were like bank checks Group investments for trade = less loss | 13 | |
| 271606066 | Islam - Social | Women - Quran enhances security (no infanticide, not property, equal before Allah) male still dominant - women just more secure Veiling adopted from Mesopotamia and Persia Alms to weak and poor | 14 | |
| 271606067 | Islam -Religious | Sufi mystics = effective missionaries encouraged devotion thru song/dance A-Ghazali = human reason too weak, less doctrine, more spiritual devotion hajj - holy pilgrimage to Mecca | 15 |
