Terms : Hide Images
| 262493365 | Mecca | city in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and ritual center of the Islamic religion | 0 | |
| 262493366 | Muhammad | Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam | 1 | |
| 262493367 | Muslim | An adherent of the Islamic religion; a person who "submits" to the will of God. | 2 | |
| 262493368 | Islam | religion expounded by the Prophet Muhammad on the basis of his reception of divine revelations, which were collected after his death into the Quran. | 3 | |
| 262493369 | Medina | City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca. | 4 | |
| 262493370 | Umma | the community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community | 5 | |
| 262493371 | Caliphate | office established in a succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire | 6 | |
| 262493372 | Quran | Book composed of divine revelation made to the Prophet Muhammad, the sacred text of Islam. | 7 | |
| 262498682 | Shi'ites | Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in law Ali. Shi'ism is the state religion of Iran. | 8 | |
| 262498683 | Umayyad Caliphate | First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs (661-750). From their capital at Damascus, they ruled an empire that extended from Spain to India. | 9 | |
| 262498684 | Sunnis | Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should selects its own leadership. This is the majority religion. | 10 | |
| 262504078 | Abbasid Caliphate | Descendants of the Prophet Muhammad's uncle, they overthrew the previous Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad. | 11 | |
| 262504079 | Mamluks | Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important of the armed forces. | 12 | |
| 262504080 | Ghana | First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the 6th and 13th centuries. "Gold Coast". | 13 | |
| 262616814 | Ulama | Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. | 14 | |
| 262616815 | Hadith | A tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad; next to the Quran, the most important basis fro Islamic law | 15 | |
| 262616816 | Schism | a formal split within a religious community | 16 | |
| 262616817 | Charlemagne | King of Franks. Through a series of military conquests he establish the Carolingian Empire, with encompassed all of Gual and parts of German and Italy. Though illiterate himself, he sponsored a brief intellectual revival. | 17 | |
| 262616818 | Medieval | Literally "middle age," a term that historians of Europe use for the period of 500 to 1500, signifying its intermediate point between Greco-Roman antiquity and the Renaissance | 18 | |
| 262616819 | Byzantine Empire | Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman from the fourth century onward | 19 | |
| 262616820 | Kievan Russia | State established at Kiev in Ukraine by Scandinavian adventurers asserting authority over a mostly Slavic farming population | 20 | |
| 262625259 | Manor | In medieval Europe, a large, self-sufficient landholding consisting of the lord's residence, outbuildings, peasant village, and surrounding land. | 21 | |
| 262625260 | Serf | In medieval Europe, an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord's property and obligated to preform set services for the lord. | 22 | |
| 262631998 | Fief | In medieval Europe, land granted in return for a sworn oath to provide specified military service. | 23 | |
| 262631999 | Vassal | In medieval Europe, a sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord. | 24 | |
| 262640698 | Papacy | the central administration of the ROman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head. | 25 | |
| 262640699 | Holy Roman Empire | loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes | 26 | |
| 262640700 | Investiture Controversy | Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands | 27 | |
| 262640701 | Monasticism | Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty. | 28 | |
| 262688052 | Horse Collar | Harnessing method that increased the efficiency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal's neck to the shoulders; its adoption favors the spread of drawn plows | 29 | |
| 262688053 | Crusades | Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to western Europe's centuries of intellectual and political isolation | 30 | |
| 262688054 | Pilgrimage | journey to a sacred shrine by Christians seeking to show their piety, fulfill vows, or gain absolution for sins. | 31 | |
| 262688055 | Tropics | Equatorial region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. Characterized by generally warm or hot temperatures year-round. | 32 | |
| 262688056 | Monsoon | seasonal winds in the Indian Ocean caused by the differences in temperature between the rapidly heating and cooling land masses of Africa and Asia and the slowly changing ocean waters. | 33 | |
| 262688057 | Mali | Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade. | 34 | |
| 262688058 | Mansa Kankan Musa | Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. | 35 | |
| 262688059 | Gujarat | Region of western India famous for trade and manufacturing | 36 | |
| 262688060 | Dhows | Characteristic cargo and passenger ships of the Arabian Sea | 37 | |
| 262688061 | Swahili Coast | East African shores of the Indian Ocean between the Horn of Africa and the Zambezi River | 38 | |
| 262688062 | Great Zimbabwe | City, now in ruins, whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state. | 39 | |
| 262688063 | Aden | Port city in the modern south Arabian country of Yemen. It has been a major trading center in the Indian Ocean since ancient times. | 40 | |
| 262688064 | Malacca | Port city in the modes Southeast Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Malacca | 41 | |
| 262688065 | Urdu | A Persian-influenced literary form of Hindu written in Arabic characters and used as a literary language since the 1300s | 42 | |
| 262688066 | Timbuktu | City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal sometime after 1000. Part of the Mali Empire, it became a major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning. | 43 | |
| 263070625 | Teotihuacan | A powerful city-state in central Mexico. Its population was about 150,000 at its peak in 600. | 44 | |
| 263070626 | Chinampas | Raised fields constructed along lakeshores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields | 45 | |
| 263070627 | Maya | Mesoamerican civilization conecentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Contributions in mathematics, astronomy, and calendar development. | 46 | |
| 263070628 | Toltecs | Powerful postclasic empire in central Mexico. It influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization. | 47 | |
| 263070629 | Altepetl | An enthic state in anceint Mesoamerica, the common politcal buliding block of that reigion. | 48 | |
| 263070630 | Calpolli | A group of up to a hundred families that erved as a social building block of an altepetl in ancient Mesoamerica | 49 | |
| 263070631 | Tenochtitlan | Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. | 50 | |
| 263070632 | Aztecs | Also known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in Central Mexico. | 51 | |
| 263070633 | Tribute System | A system in whcih defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food cloth, and other goods subsidized te development of large cities. | 52 | |
| 263070634 | Anasazi | Important culture of what is now the southwest United States. Centered on Chaco Canyon in New Mexico and Mesa Verde in Colorda, their culture built multistory residences and worshiped buldings called kivas. | 53 | |
| 263070635 | Chiefdom | Form of political organization with rule by a hereditary leader who held power over a collection of villages and towns. Less powerful than kingdoms and empires, they were based on gift giving and commercial links. | 54 | |
| 263078908 | Ayllu | Andean lineage group or kin-based community | 55 | |
| 263078909 | Mit'a | Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations. | 56 | |
| 263078910 | Moche | Civilization of north coast of Peru. AN important Andean civilization that built extensive irrigation networks as well as impressive urban centers dominated by brick temples. | 57 | |
| 263078911 | Wari | Andean civilization culturally linked to Tiwanaku, perhaps beginning as a colony of Tiwanaku | 58 | |
| 263078912 | Tiwanaku | Name of capital city and empire centered on the region near Lake Titicaca in modern Bolivia. | 59 | |
| 263078913 | Inca | Largest and most powerful Andean empire. Controlled the Pacific coast of SOuther America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco. | 60 | |
| 263078914 | Khipus | System of knotted colored cords used by preliterate Andean peoples to transmit information | 61 |
