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AP World Period 4 Flashcards

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6078076190Vasco De GamaPortuguese, sailed beneath the southern tip of Africa into the Indian Ocean0
6078076191MagellanPortuguese, tried to sail around the World1
6078076192English East India Comapny1600, started by individual citizens who would travel to India and resell the goods in England for higher prices2
6078076194Aztec EmpireEmpire in central Mexico, capital was Tenochtitlan, military based empire3
6078076195MontezumaNinth Aztec emperor, famous for his confrontation with Hernes Cortes4
6078076196CavavelsA small, highly maneuverable sailing ship created by the Portuguese5
6078076197English East India CompanyStock company, travelled to India and would resell Indian goods in England for high prices, the foundation of coperations6
6078076198Colombian ExchangeTrade of livestock, vegetables, coffee, tobacco, disease, and slaves from the Old World to the New World, caused a dramatic demographic shift in the Americas7
6078076199JamestownFirst British colony in North America, named after King James I of ENgland8
6078076200Little Ice AgePeriod between 1300-1870 in which Europe and North America were subjected to colder winds9
6078076201Chattel SlaveryThe owning of human beings as property10
6078076202Louis XIVRevoked the Edict of Nantes, ruled for 72 years, known as the "sun king"11
6078076204MercantilismA system in which a country accumulates wealth through trade12
6078076205SikhismA religion formed in the late 15th century in India13
6078076206PeninsularsA European (Spanish or Portuguese) living in the Americas, small % of the population14
6078076207CreolesA European born in the Americas15
6078076208MestizosA person with both European and Native descent16
6078076209Treaty of TordesillasA compromise between the Spanish and the Portuguese which gave both of them land in the Americas17
6078076211PizzaroSpanish conquistador, killed Inca Empire and brought the lands under Spanish control18
6078076212ErasmusCatholic priest, learned to speak Greek so he could translate the original bible19
6078076213HumanismThe ideology that you can still enjoy the world around you while reaching salvation, a mixture of Catholicism and Secularism20
6078076215Council of TrentA meeting to make reforms to the Catholic church in response to the Protestant reformation21
6078076216Diet of WormsMeeting between Pope Leo X, Charles V, and Martin Luther, Pope Leo tries to make Luther repent his sins, Luther leaves as a heratic22
6078076217John CalvinCalvinism, pre-destination: god's plan23
6078076220Society of Jesus (Jesuits)A society devoted to Catholic education and missionary work24
6078076221Thirty Years WarA series of wars in the Holy Roman Empire, ended in 1648 with the treaty of Westphalia25
6078076222Treaty of WestphaliaEnded the Thirty Years War, allowed German princes to choose their faith, Europe is permanently religiously divided26
6078076223Henry VIIITudor family, created the Church of England, had six wives27
6078076225Elizabeth IStabilized England by creating the Anglican Church28
6078076231Absolute MonarchyA form of government in which the king has absolute authority over the state29
6078076233Charles IDidn't work with parliament, raised tax to be apart of the Thirty Years War, arrested the Parliament which led to the English Civil War, Executed for treason30
6078076234Oliver CromwellNew leader of the English republic/commonwealth, had strict puritan laws (anti-anglican, extreme protestant)31
6078076236Glorious RevolutionThe overthrow of James II by William and Mary of Orange, "bloodless revolution"32
6078076237Cardinal RichelieuRegent for Louis XIII (9 year old king), Clergy of French Catholic Church33
6078076238Louis XIV72 years long rule, revoked the "edict of nantes" (edict that let huguenots worship freely)34
6078076239Adam SmithScottish philosopher and economist, wrote the "wealth of nations"35
6078076242Hacienda(spanish) a large estate or plantation with a dwelling house36
6078076244Indentured ServantMen or woman who signed a contract in by which they agreed to work a certain number of years in exchange for food, transportation, and housing (North America)37
6078076246Songhai EmpireWestern African empire in the 15th and 16th century38
6078076249King Alfonso IFirst African king to convert to Catholicism39
6078076251Triangular Slave TradeThe exchange of crops, livestock, luxury goods, and slaves between Europe, Africa, and the New World40
6078076252Middle PassageThe transfer of slaves across the Atlantic Ocean, horrible conditions, 25% died on voyage41
6078076253African DiasporaSpread of Africans, creation of African-American culture42
6078076260Romanov DynastyThe second dynasty to rule over Russia, ruled until the 20th century43
6078076261Peter the GreatWesternized Russia, creates a naval military first, creates city of St. Petersburg, created social laws44
6078076262Catherine the GreatMost renowned and and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia45
6078076263Zheng HeChinese explorer, traveled to regions such as Asia and Africa46
6078076264Ming DynastyOverthrew the Yuan Dynasty (Mongols), focused on the restoration of Chinese culture (meritocracy, mandate of heaven, confucianism), banned foreigners47
6078076265Qing DynastyRun by Manchurians, last Chinese dynasty48
6078076268Tokugawa IeyusaCreated a centralized government in Japan, rejected relationships with westerners (except for the Dutch)49
6078076269Ottoman EmpireLongest Islamic empire, expands with the fall of the Byzantine empire50
6078076270Sultan Mehmed II"the conqueror", Islamic Sultan who sieged Constantinople and expanded the Ottoman empire51
6078076271Sultan Suleiman the MagnificentExpands the Ottoman empire into N. Africa and E. Africa, makes education reforms, gives Jews/Christians protection under the law52
6078076272JanissariesElite Islamic military53
6078076273Safavid EmpireIslamic empire based in Persia54
6078076274Shah IsmailUnites the people under religion, thought to be the 12th Imam who will spread true Islam55
6078076276Shah AbbasConsidered the strongest ruler of the Safavid Dynasty56
6078076277Mughal EmpireIslamic state in India ran by turkish people, overthrows the Sulnate of Dehli57
6078076278AkbarA sultanate of the Mughal Empire, Expands into S. India, unifies the state, religiously tolerant, works w/ ottomans58
6078076279AurangzebA sultanate of the Mughal Empire, burns down Hindu temples, triples taxes on Hindus59
6078076280Taj MahelAn ivory-white marble mausoleum, commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal60
6078076281Martin LutherGerman monk, upsetted by activities taking place in the Roman Catholic Church61
6078076282Diet of WormsA meeting between Pope Leo X, Charles V, and Martin Luther to discuss Luther's acts of heresy62
6078076284LutheranismAuthority straight from the Bible, free will- all of us are sinners, spoke in the vernacular63
6078076286CalvanismJohn Calvin, pre-destination64
6078076288The Renaissance14th and 15th century Europe, rebirth of liberal arts, starts in Italy65
6078076289Leonardo Da VinciArtist, Inventor, Botanist, Invented sanitation systems and flying machines, painted the Mona Lisa, wrote backwards66
6078076290MichelangeloDa Vinci's rival, statue of David, Sistine chapel67
6078076291Edict of NantesAllowed French Protestants to worship freely68
6078076292HuguenotsFrench Protestants69
6078076293GalileoUses telescope to prove heliocentrism, work was banned by the Catholic church and he was put on house arrest70

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