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| 9675352188 | Sufism | school of esoteric philosophy in Islam, which is based on the pursuit of spiritual truth as a definite goal to attain. In modern language it might also be referred to as Islamic spirituality or Islamic mysticism. | 0 | |
| 9675352195 | astrolabe | an instrument that was used to determine the altitude of objects (like the sun) in the sky. It was first used around 200 BC by astronomers in Greece. The astrolabe was replaced by the sextant | 1 | |
| 9675352198 | Aztec Empire | powerful Indian empire founded on Lake Texcoco (Mexico) | 2 | |
| 9675352201 | Bedouins | Nomadic Arabs who originally inhabited desert areas of the Middle East and northern Africa and later began to move to other parts of the region | 3 | |
| 9675352208 | Charlemagne | king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor; conqueror of the Lombards and Saxons (742-814) Charles the Great; Carolingian monarch who established substantial empire in France and Germany (800 C.E). He helped restore some church-based education in western Europe, and the level of intellectual activity began a slow recovering. After death, the empire could not survive. | 4 | |
| 9675352212 | civil service exam | Exam all Chinese government official-to-be's had to go through in order to prove themselves. Very rigorous, although once you passed, instant success was guaranteed. | 5 | |
| 9675352213 | Code of chivalry | The collective term for the social codes of knighthood that originated in France in the Middle Ages. It was based on brave, courteous and honourable behaviour - what came to be known as 'gentlemanly conduct.' | 6 | |
| 9675352214 | Code of the samurai | Also called bushi-do, which literally means "road of the warrior."; Based on principles of loyalty, courage and honor | 7 | |
| 9675352218 | daimyo | Warlord rulers who divided Japan into 300 little kingdoms | 8 | |
| 9675352221 | excommunication | banishment from certain religion & Church | 9 | |
| 9675352223 | Feudalism | system where lords provided protection/aid to serfs in return for labor | 10 | |
| 9675352229 | Genghis Khan | (1170s - 1227) from 1206 khagan of all Mongol tribes; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China and territories as far west as the Abbasid regions. successful military leader, united mongol tribes, was the founder of the mongol empire (1206-1368) | 11 | |
| 9675352230 | Golden Horde | one of four subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after Genghis Khan's death; territory covered much of present south-central Russia. a state established in Russia, one of the four kingdoms in the mongol empire | 12 | |
| 9675352236 | hajj | Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca | 13 | |
| 9675352244 | Hundred Years' War | (1337 - 1453) conflict between England and France -fought over lands England possessed in France (issue of feudal rights vs. emerging claims of national states) | 14 | |
| 9675352248 | Incan | Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire incorporating various Andean cultures. Term also used for leader of empire | 15 | |
| 9675352257 | khanates | region ruled under a khan, divided kingdoms under the mongol empire | 16 | |
| 9675352266 | Magna Carta | Great Charter issued by King John of England in 1215; confirmed feudal rights against monarchial claims; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy. Nobles fed up with King John made him sign Great Charter (Magna Carta) that made sure king got approval of aristocracy before imposing taxes, etc, limited king's power | 17 | |
| 9675352268 | Mali | Country of western Africa; During the Middle Ages, Mali formed a huge territorial empire, noted as a center of Islamic study and as a trade route for gold. Its center was Timbuktu | 18 | |
| 9675352270 | manorialism | Organization of rural economy and society by three classes of manors: a lord's own land, serf holdings, and free peasant land | 19 | |
| 9675352272 | Mansa Musa | African King who made pilgrimage to Mecca, and gave out so much gold, that worth of gold dropped rapidly | 20 | |
| 9675352273 | Marco Polo | A Venetian trader that went and learned about China under Kublai Khan | 21 | |
| 9675352278 | medieval | relating to the Middle Ages | 22 | |
| 9675352283 | Middle Ages | Time period between the postclassical era and the renaissance. Consists of Dark Ages and the High Middle Ages, in which the latter saw an improvement in trade, economy, and lives of peasants. | 23 | |
| 9675352288 | mita | Mandatory public service by society in ancient South America. During the Inca empire, public service was required in public works projects such as the building of road and military services | 24 | |
| 9675352293 | Mongol Peace | Pax Mongolica - Mongols brought peace to almost the entire Asian continent because they tolerated and encouraged diversity, especially religions | 25 | |
| 9675352296 | Moors | The Medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus and the Maghreb. They captured Spain in 700s, and were expelled from Spain in 1492 | 26 | |
| 9675352298 | movable type | invented in China in the mid-eleventh century. Individual characters made of fired clay were assembled and glued onto a plate to create a printing block. Introduced in Europe in the 15th century | 27 | |
| 9675352308 | Parliament | Beginning in England with a House of lords (aristocracy) and House of Commons (rich merchants) governing legislative body | 28 | |
| 9675352309 | parliamentary system | representative government led by a prime minister | 29 | |
| 9675352310 | Peasant | Agricultural worker that works land they own or rented | 30 | |
| 9675352332 | seppuku | ritual suicide/disembowelment in Japan (hara-kiri); demonstrating courage and restoring family honor | 31 | |
| 9675352334 | Serfs | peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system of the Middle Ages | 32 | |
| 9675352337 | Shogunate (bakufu) | military government in 12th century Japan... established by the Minamoto after the Gempei Wars... retained emperor but real power resided in military government and samurai | 33 | |
| 9675352341 | Song | Chinese dynasty that united the entire country until 1127 and the southern portion until 1279, during which time northern China was controlled by the Juchen tribes | 34 | |
| 9675352342 | Songhay Empire | successor to Mali empire, fusion of Islam, pagan, took over Niger valley, dominant in area until Muslims with muskets | 35 | |
| 9675352346 | steppes | a vast semiarid grass-covered plain, found in southeast Europe and Mongolia | 36 | |
| 9675352351 | Swahili | A Bantu language of the coast and islands of eastern Africa from Somalia to Mozambique | 37 | |
| 9675352361 | Thousand and One Nights | Arabian Nights' Entertainment: a collection of folktales in Arabic dating from the 10th century | 38 | |
| 9675352363 | Timbuktu | Port city of Mali; located just off the flood plain on the great bend in the Niger River | 39 | |
| 9675352373 | viking/Norse | members of military elite who received land or benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty. Subordinate who, in exchange for land, gives loyalty | 40 | |
| 9675352378 | William the Conquerer | A military commander exercising civil power in a region, whether in nominal allegiance to the national government or in defiance of it | 41 |
