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| 303579765 | The economis prosperity of the papacy allowed the popes to do what? | fund ambitious construction projects in Rome | 0 | |
| 303579766 | Forgiveness of past sins, an indulgence, might be given for what reasons? | as a reward for a pious act such as making a pilgrimage, saying a particular prayer, or making a donation to a religious cause | 1 | |
| 303579767 | Martin Luther insisted that the only way to salvation was how? | through faith. | 2 | |
| 303579768 | The movement that began with the rejection of the Pope's authority was the? | Protestant Reformation | 3 | |
| 303579769 | To promote his ideas, Luther used what invention? | the printing press | 4 | |
| 303579770 | John Calvin preached that salvation was granted by? | predestination | 5 | |
| 303579771 | Calvinism went further than Lutheranism in what way? | Calvinists also displayed simplicity in dress, life, and worship. | 6 | |
| 303579772 | In light of the challenges to the Catholic Church many reforms were enacted, such as? | requiring each bishop to reside in his diocese, to have a theological seminary, to train priests and activities of a new religious order (the Society of Jesus) | 7 | |
| 303579773 | Ignatus of Loyola founded what group? What was their purpose? | The Society of Jesus or "Jesuits". Their purpose was to help stem the Protestant tide and win back come adherents by their teaching and preaching | 8 | |
| 303579774 | The challenge to the church and its supporters was intense and emotional, resulting in what? | violence. Both sides persecuted and sometimes executed those of differing views ("Wars of Religion") | 9 | |
| 303579775 | Europeans viewed the natural world through two belief systems, what were they? | their theology and in the local folk customs and pre-Christian beliefs that remained powerful everywhere in Europe | 10 | |
| 303579776 | Europeans believed that when natural disasters like earthquakes occurred, the cause was what? | supernatural | 11 | |
| 303579777 | Women, especially widows, were often accused of being witches because it was believd that? | When women weren't directly under the control of fathers or husbands, they were likely to turn to evil. | 12 | |
| 303579778 | The Scientific Revolution demonstrated that the workings of the universe could be explained by? | natural causes | 13 | |
| 303579779 | The astronomer who first placed the sun at the center of the universe was who? | Nicholas Copernicus | 14 | |
| 303579780 | The scientist who asserted that mathematical laws governed the universe was who? | Isaac Newton | 15 | |
| 303579781 | How did many religious and intellectual leaders view the new science? | with suspicion and outright hostility | 16 | |
| 303579782 | The belief that humans could understand social behavior using reason was characteristic of what belief? | Enlightenment | 17 | |
| 303579783 | Bourgeoisie means | the urban class that dominated manufacturing, finance, commerce, and allied professions | 18 | |
| 303579784 | Most of the commercial shipping in the world in the seventeenth century was conducted by the? | Dutch | 19 | |
| 303579785 | Like Merchants in the Islamic world, European merchants relied upon? | family and ethnic networks | 20 | |
| 303579786 | What can be said of European peasants during the early Modern Era? | They were at the base of the pyramid and were the masses | 21 | |
| 303656207 | Explain what a joint stock company is and its significance to exploration. | A business that sells shares to individuals to raise money. It gave the Dutch East and West India Company monopolies over trade to the East and West Indies. | 22 | |
| 303656208 | What new crops helped the rural poor of Europe avoid starvation? | Crops from the Americas like potatoes and maize | 23 | |
| 303656209 | What were the positive and negative aspects of the iron industry? | It provided work for miners, lumber jacks, and charcoal maker, but it caused deforestation | 24 | |
| 303656210 | Why was the Habsburg family important? | It provided many Holy Roman Emperors and founded the Austro-Hungarian Empire. | 25 | |
| 303656211 | In 1555, by the Peace of Augsburg, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V allowed German princes to choose? | whether Catholicism or Lutheranism would prevail in their particualr state | 26 | |
| 303656212 | Charles V failed to unify all of Europe, but Spain, France, and England successfully unified their state by? | building a more successful program of poltical unification based on political centralization and religious unity. | 27 | |
| 303656213 | To ensure that his subjects did not resist akll royal authority, King Phillip II of Spain did what? | He expelled Jewish mercahnts, persecuted Protestant dissenters, and forced tens of thousands of skilled farmers and artisans into exile because of their Muslim ancestry. | 28 | |
| 303656214 | What was the Edict of Nantes and why was it revoked by Louis XIV? | because it granted religious freedom to his Protestant supporters. It was the document by which his grandfather had granted religous freedom to his supporters. | 29 | |
| 303656215 | Why did King Henry VIII of England severe his bond with the Catholic Church? Result? | The pope didn't annul his marriage to Catherina of Aragon, who had not furnished him with a male heir. | 30 | |
| 303656216 | Why was the English Civil War fought, what was the result? | over royal versus. King Charles execution. It ensured that England would be a constitutional monoarchy | 31 | |
| 303656217 | The Glorious Revolution and the English Civil War both started when? | the king refused to respect Parliament's rights. | 32 | |
| 303656218 | How is the Versailles Palace a sort of "theme park" of royal absolutism? | It is capable of housing ten thousand people and surrounded by an elaborately landscaped grounds and parks. | 33 | |
| 303656219 | What were the beliefs of English political philosopher John Locke? | Rulers derived their suthority from the consent of the governed and were subject to the law. | 34 | |
| 303656220 | The wars and devastation of the European early Modern era resulted in what? | Improvements in army technology, such as techniques and weapons | 35 | |
| 303656221 | How did European rulers pay their large war expenses? | Increase revenues by promoting mutually beneficial alliances with the rising commercial elite. | 36 | |
| 303656222 | Why did the Netherlands revolt against Spain in the 1560s and 1570s? | King Phillip II's decision to impose Spain's ruinously heavy sales tax and enforce Catholic orthodoxy | 37 | |
| 303656223 | In the seventeenth century, what newly unifies state was the world's greatest trading Nation? | Netherlands | 38 | |
| 303656224 | The Little Ice Age was a result of what? | Average temperatures falling by only a few degrees | 39 |
