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| 4890088773 | Tragedy of the Commons | (1968, Garret Harden) the tendency of a shared, limited resource to become depleted because people act from self-interest for short-term gain. |  | 0 |
| 4890088774 | Externalities | a cost or benefit of a good or service that is not included in the purchase price of the product or service; In environmental science we are concerned about negative externalities because of the environmental damage for which no one bears the cost. | 1 | |
| 4890088775 | Maximum Sustainable Yield | The maximum amount of a renewable resource that can be harvested without compromising the future availability of that resource. |  | 2 |
| 4890088776 | Public Lands | National Parks- managed for scientific, educational, and recreational use, and sometimes for their beauty or unique landforms. Managed Resource Protected Areas- managed for the sustained use of biological, mineral, and recreational resources. Habitat/Species Management Areas- actively managed to maintain biological communities. Strict Nature Reserves and Wilderness Areas- established to protect species and ecosystems. Protected Landscapes and Seascapes- nondestructive use of natural resources while allowing for tourism and recreation. National Monuments- set aside to protect unique sites of special natural or cultural interests. | 3 | |
| 4890088777 | Federal Agencies and the Land they Control |  | 4 | |
| 4890088778 | Rangelands | Dry, open grasslands that are primarily used for cattle grazing. |  | 5 |
| 4890088779 | Forests | Areas dominated by trees and other woody vegetation. | 6 | |
| 4890088780 | Timber harvest Practices | Clear-cutting- removing all, or almost all the trees in an area. Selective cutting- removing single trees or relatively small numbers of trees from a forest. |  | 7 |
| 4890088781 | Fire Management | prescribed burns- a fire is deliberately set under controlled conditions. | 8 | |
| 4890088782 | Protected Forests | National Parks- established to preserve scenic views and unusual landforms. National wildlife refuges- managed for the purpose of protecting wildlife National wilderness areas- set aside to preserve large tracts of intact ecosystems or landscapes. | 9 | |
| 4890088783 | Federal Regulations | National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)- mandates an environmental assessment of all projects involving federal money or permits. Environmental impact statement (EIS)- outlines the scope and purpose of the project. Environmental mitigation plan- outlines how the developer will address concerns raised by the projects impact on the environment. | 10 | |
| 4890088784 | Residential Land | Suburban- areas surrounding metropolitan centers with low population densities. Exurban- similar to suburban areas, but are not connected to any central city or densely populated area. |  | 11 |
| 4890088785 | Urban Sprawl | the creation of urbanized areas that spread into rural areas. | 12 | |
| 4890088786 | 4 main concerns of Urban Sprawls | The four main concerns of urban sprawl in the U.S. are: - automobiles and highway construction - living costs (people can get more land and a larger house in the suburbs for the same amount of money) - urban blight (city revenue shrinks as people move to the suburbs) - government policies | 13 | |
| 4890088787 | Negative Feed Back Loops |  | 14 | |
| 4890088788 | Government Policies | Highway Trust Fund- a federal gasoline tax to pay for construction and maintenance of roads and highways. Zoning- a planning tool to create quieter and safer communities. For example, prohibiting the development of a factory or strip mall in a residential area. Multi-use zoning- allows retail and high-density residential development to coexist in the same area. Subsidized mortgages- low interest rates offered to people to purchase a home that would otherwise not be able to do so. | 15 | |
| 4890088789 | Smart Growth | Mixed land uses create a range of housing opportunities and choices create walkable neighborhoods encourage community and stakeholder collaboration in development decisions take advantage of compact building design Foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place Preserve open space, farmland, natural beauty and critical environmental areas Provide a variety of transportation choices Strengthen and direct development toward existing communities Make development decisions predictable, fair and cost-effective | 16 |
