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APES Chapter 4 Flashcards

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5264950009Species RichnessThe number of species in a given area0
5264950010Species EvenessThe relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given region1
5264950012Roughly ten millionHow many species are there estimated to be today?2
5264950013EvolutionA change in the genetic composition of a population over time.3
5264950014MicroevolutionEvolution between the species level4
5264950015MacroevolutionEvolution that gives the rise to new species, genera, families, classes, or phyla5
5264950016GeneA physical location on the chromosomes within each cell of an organism.6
5264950019MutationA random change in the genetic code produced by a mistake in the copying process.7
5264950021Evolution by artificial selectionThe process in which humans determine which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind8
5264950022Evolution by natural selectionThe process in which the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce.9
5264950023FitnessAn individual's ablility to survive and reproduce10
5264950024AdaptationA trait that improves an individual's fitness11
5264950025Gene flowThe process by which individuals move from one population to another and thereby alter the genetic composition of both populations.12
5264950028ExtinctionThe death of the last member of a species13
5264950030Geographic isolationPhysical separation of a group of individuals from others of the same species14
5264950031Allopatric isolationThe process of speciation that occurs in geographic isolation15
5264950032Reproductive isolationThe result of two populations within a species evolving separately to the point that they can no longer interbreed and produce viable offspring16
5264950033Sympatric speciationThe evolution of one species into two, without geographic isolation17
5264950035Range of toleranceThe limits to the abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate18
5264950036Fundamental nicheThe suite of abiotic conditions under which a species can survive, grow, and reproduce19
5264950037Realized nicheThe range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives20
5264950039Niche generalistA species that can live under a wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions.21
5264950040Niche specialistA species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat or to feed on a small group of species22
5264950041Mass ExtinctionA large extinction of species in a relatively short period of time23
7770147015Endemica species found only in one area24
7770152707Indicator speciesprovides early warning of damage to an ecosystem25
7770159974Keystone speciesPlays an important role in influencing the type and abundance of other species in an ecosystem26
7770171108Foundation specieshas the ability to greatly modify or "create" habitat in an ecosystem27
7770176914nonnative speciesdid not co-evolve with other species in the ecosystem.28
7770208272differential reproductionindividuals better suited to an environment will be more successful in having offspring29

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