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| 9785140881 | The Dung of the Devil | 1918-1920 used to cure Spanish flu also helped for H1N1 flu (2009-2010) biodiversity has instrumental (practical) value for people | 0 | |
| 9785153516 | ecosystem diversity | the number and types of ecosystems in a region and the complexity of the systems - number of trophic levels -number of niches measure of ecological health for a region | 1 | |
| 11082953322 | species diversity | the variety of species in an ecosystem -> often represented with count measure of health for an ecosystem | 2 | |
| 11082969017 | genetic diversity | variety of genes and traits present in a population -> one species measure of health for a population | 3 | |
| 11083014003 | number of species identified | 2 million | 4 | |
| 11083016541 | number of estimated species | 5-100 million | 5 | |
| 11083016542 | best estimate of number of species | 10 million | 6 | |
| 11083029390 | why is it hard to estimate the total number of species | most species are hard to find most come out at night they are live in inaccessible locations cannot be seen with a microscope | 7 | |
| 11083044370 | largest group of species | insects | 8 | |
| 11083072428 | species richness | the number of species in a given area used to give an approximate sense of biodiversity in a given place | 9 | |
| 11083472636 | species evenness | the relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a location tells us whether a particular ecosystem is numerically dominated by one species or whether all of its species have abundances | 10 | |
| 11083502765 | high species evenness | species are all represented by similar numbers of individuals | 11 | |
| 11083507121 | low species evenness | one species is represented by many individuals whereas other species are represented by only a few individuals | 12 | |
| 11083599548 | evolution | change in genetic composition of a population over time | 13 | |
| 11083620639 | microevolution | within one species change in gene frequency a new trait becomes "fixed" (100% of the population has the trait) | 14 | |
| 11083685997 | macroevolution | when genetic changes give rise to new species (larger categories of organisms into which species are organized) relationships between different species phylogeny and speciation | 15 | |
| 11083729717 | how is genetic diversity created? | through mutation and recombination | 16 | |
| 11083832699 | mutation | an occasional mistake in the copying process produces a random change in the genetic code UV radiation may also cause mutation can be harmful or beneficial | 17 | |
| 11083893457 | recombination | occurs as chromosomes are duplicated during reproductive cell division and a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome does not create new genes but creates new and different combinations of alleles on a chromosome | 18 | |
| 11083842656 | can changes in genotypes produce changes in phenotypes? | yes | 19 | |
| 11083944546 | artificial selection | when humans determine which individuals to breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind example: dogs from wolf | 20 | |
| 11083987583 | natural selection | the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce | 21 | |
| 11084024847 | key ideas to Darwins theory | individuals produce an excess of offspring. not all offspring can survive. individuals differ in their traits. differences in traits can be passed on from parents to offspring. differences in traits are associated with differences in the ability to survive and reproduce. | 22 | |
| 11084074039 | fitness | ability to survive and reproduce | 23 | |
| 11084077463 | adaptations | traits that improve an individuals fitness | 24 | |
| 11084170046 | genetic drift | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating | 25 | |
| 11084196654 | bottleneck effect | drastic reduction in the size of a population that reduces genetic variation can occur from habitat loss, a natural disaster, harvesting by humans, or changes in the environment | 26 | |
| 11084325129 | founder effect | change in the genetic composition of a population as a result of descending from a small number of colonizing individuals | 27 | |
| 11084522130 | allotropic speciation | the physical separation of a group of individuals from others of the same species geographic and reproductive isolation ex: the mice | 28 | |
| 11084546870 | sympatric speciation | evolution of one species into two species without geographic isolation polyploidy - have more chromosome sets and become reproductively isolated from original diploid ancestor | 29 | |
| 11084643561 | evolution occurs fast when | small population short generation time high biodiversity high mutation rate high selective pressure | 30 | |
| 11084650291 | evolution occurs slow when | large population long generation time low biodiversity low mutation rate low selective pressure | 31 | |
| 11084690735 | GMOs | using genetic engineering techniques, scientists can now copy genes from a species with some desirable trait, such as rapid growth or disease resistance. Scientists can insert these genes into other species of plants, animals, or microbes to produce them | 32 | |
| 11084725323 | range of tolerance | limits to the abiotic conditions they can tolerate | 33 | |
| 11084749074 | fundamental niche | the suite of abiotic conditions under which a species can survive, grow, and reproduce | 34 | |
| 11084762954 | realized niche | range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives | 35 | |
| 11085022939 | niche generalist | can live under a very wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions | 36 | |
| 11085022940 | niche specialists | specialized to live under a very narrow range of conditions or feed on a small group of species | 37 | |
| 11085204208 | 5 mass extinctions | Ordovician, Devonian, Permian, Triassic, Cretaceous | 38 |
