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| 4747914400 | Ionizing radiation | Particles, x-rays, or gamma rays with energy that can cause ionization through which it passes | 0 | |
| 4747914401 | High quality energy | Organized and concentrated energy that can perform useful work | 1 | |
| 4747914402 | Low quality energy | Disorganized, dispersed energy | 2 | |
| 4747914403 | First law of thermodynamics | Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but may be converted from one form to another | 3 | |
| 4747914404 | Second law of thermodynamics | When energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is turned into heat | 4 | |
| 4747914405 | Natural radioactive decay | Unstable radioisotopes decay releasing gamma rays, alpha particles and beta particles | 5 | |
| 4747914406 | Half life | The time it takes for half of the radioactive isotope to decay | 6 | |
| 4747914407 | Nuclear fission | Nuclei of isotopes split apart when struck by neutrons | 7 | |
| 4747914408 | Nuclear fussion | Two isotopes of light elements forced together at high temperature until they fuse to form to form a heavier nucleus | 8 | |
| 4747914409 | Ore | A rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral making it profitable to mine | 9 | |
| 4747914410 | Mineral reserve | Resources known to be economically feasible for extraction | 10 | |
| 4747914411 | Best solutions to energy shortage | Conservation, increase efficiency, explore alternative energy options | 11 | |
| 4747914412 | Surface mining | Cheaper and can remove more minerals, less dangerous for workers | 12 | |
| 4747914413 | Humus | Organic, dark material remaining after decomposition by microorganisms | 13 | |
| 4747914414 | Leaching | Removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving downwards | 14 | |
| 4747914415 | Eluviation | Deposit of leached material in lower soil layers | 15 | |
| 4747914416 | Loam | Perfect agricultural soil with optimal portions of sand, soil, clay | 16 | |
| 4747914417 | Solutions to soil erosion problems | Reducing volume and flow of runoff water, improving soil structure, and protecting the surface to increase its resistance to erosion | 17 | |
| 4747914418 | Parts of the water cycle | Evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation, precipitation, infiltration | 18 | |
| 4747914419 | Aquifer | Any water bearing layer in the ground | 19 | |
| 4747914420 | Salt water intrusion | Over pumping of groundwater causing salt water to move into the aquifer | 20 | |
| 4747914421 | What happens during an El Niño | Upwelling decreases, disrupting food chains, increased rainfall, less hurricanes | 21 | |
| 4747914422 | Nitrogen fixation | Atmospheric nitrogen converted into ammonia by bacteria | 22 | |
| 4747914423 | Ammonification | Decomposers convert organic waste into ammonia | 23 | |
| 4747914424 | Nitrification | Ammonia is converted into nitrate ions | 24 | |
| 4747914425 | Assimilation | Inorganic nitrogen converted into organic molecules such as DNA, and proteins | 25 | |
| 4747914426 | Denitrification | Bacteria convert nitrate and nitrite back into gas | 26 | |
| 4747914427 | Excess phosphorus is added to aquatic ecosystems by | Runoff of animal wastes, fertilizer, discharge of sewage | 27 | |
| 4747914428 | Photosynthesis | Plants convert atmospheric carbon into complex glucose | 28 | |
| 4747914429 | Aerobic respiration | Oxygen consuming producers, consumers and decomposers break down complex organic compounds and convert carbon back into carbon dioxide | 29 | |
| 4747914430 | Largest reservoirs of carbon | Carbonate rocks and oceans | 30 | |
| 4747914431 | Biotic/abiotic | Living and nonliving components of an ecosystem | 31 | |
| 4747914432 | Producer/autotroph | Photosynthetic or chemosynthetic life | 32 | |
| 4747914433 | Major trophic levels | Primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and primary producers | 33 | |
| 4747914434 | Energy flow in food webs | Predators expand energy to catch prey | 34 | |
| 4747914435 | Why is only 10% transferred | Usable energy is lost as heat | 35 | |
| 4747914436 | Primary succesion | Development of communities in a lifeless area not previously inhabited by life or those in which the soil profile is totally destroyed | 36 | |
| 4747914437 | Secondary succesion | Life progress where the soil remains | 37 | |
| 4747914438 | Mutualism | Symbiotic relationship where both partners benefit | 38 | |
| 4747914439 | Commensalism | Symbiotic relationship where one partner benefits and the other is unaffected | 39 | |
| 4747914440 | Parasitism | Relationship in which one partner obtains nutrients at the other's expense | 40 | |
| 4747914441 | Niche | A shallow recess | 41 | |
| 4747914442 | Biome | Large distance terrestrial region having similar climate, soil, plants, and animals | 42 | |
| 4747914443 | Carrying capacity | The number of individuals that can be sustained in an area | 43 | |
| 4747914444 | R- strategist | Reproduce early in life | 44 | |
| 4747914445 | K- strategist | Reproduce late in life | 45 | |
| 4747914446 | Natural selection | The process where organisms better adapted to their environment survive and produce more offspring | 46 | |
| 4747914447 | Thomas malthus | Said human population cannot continue to increase exponentially, there will be war famine and disease | 47 | |
| 4747914448 | Rule of 70 | 70 divided by growth rate of variable | 48 | |
| 4747914449 | Replacement level fertility | The number of children a couple must have in order to replace themselves | 49 | |
| 4747914450 | World population size | 7.4 billion | 50 | |
| 4747914451 | Preindustrial stage | Birth and death rates high, population grows slowly | 51 | |
| 4747914452 | Transitional stage | Death rates drop, birth rates still high, population grows quickly | 52 | |
| 4747914453 | Industrial stage | Low death rates, declining birth rates, declining population growth | 53 | |
| 4747914454 | Postindustrial stage | Low birth and death rates, population growth low | 54 | |
| 4747914455 | Age structure diagrams | Broad base=rapid growth, narrow base=negative growth, uniform shape=zero growth | 55 | |
| 4747914456 | Baby boomers | A person born in the years of world war 2, when there's was an increase in birth rate | 56 | |
| 4747914457 | 1st and 2nd most populous countries | China, india | 57 | |
| 4747914458 | Most important thing affecting population growth | Status of women in society | 58 | |
| 4747914459 | How China enforced its one-child policy | Was enforced in 1980 to curb runaway population growth | 59 | |
| 4747914460 | Ways to decrease birth rate | Family planning, contraception, economic rewards and penalties | 60 | |
| 4747914461 | Percent water on earth by type | 97.5% saltwater 2.5% fresh water (only 1% usable) | 61 | |
| 4747914462 | Point vs. no point sources | Point sources can be easily identified, non point are difficult to pinpoint | 62 | |
| 4747914463 | Biological oxygen demand(BOD) | Amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic decomposers to break down organic materials | 63 | |
| 4747914464 | Eutrophication | Rapid algal growth caused by an excess of nitrates and phosphates in water | 64 | |
| 4747914465 | Primary air pollutants | CO, CO2, Sulfates, Sulfites, Nitrates, Nitrites, hydrocarbons, and particulates | 65 | |
| 4747914466 | Secondary air pollutants | Ozone, oxygen, acid rain | 66 | |
| 4747914467 | Particulate matter (source-effect-reduction) | Burning fossil fuels-reduces visibility and respiratory problems- filtering, alternate energy | 67 | |
| 4747914468 | Allelopathy | The chemical inhibition of one plant by another | 68 | |
| 4747914469 | Nitrogen oxides as pollution | Fossil combustion processes, forms other air pollutants | 69 | |
| 4747914470 | Ozone layer | Layer in earths stratosphere at an altitude of about 6.2 miles containing a high concentration of ozone | 70 | |
| 4747914471 | Photochemical smog | Formed by chemical reactions involving sunlight | 71 | |
| 4747914472 | Acid deposition | Caused by sulfuric and nitric acids, resulting in lower pH of surface water | 72 | |
| 4747914473 | Greenhouse gases | Trap outgoing infrared energy, causing earth to warm | 73 | |
| 4747914474 | Effect of global warming | Rising sea levels, extreme weather, drought, famine, extinction | 74 | |
| 4747914475 | Ozone depletion is caused by | Chlorofluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere. | 75 | |
| 4747914476 | Effects of ozone depletion | Increased UV,skin cancer, cataracts, decreased plant growth | 76 | |
| 4747914477 | Municipal solid waste | Waste type consisting of everyday items that are thrown away by the public | 77 | |
| 4747914478 | Sanitary landfill problems and solutions | Methane gas- collect gas and use as fuel Garbage- compact and reduce | 78 | |
| 4747914479 | Waste incineration advantages | Volume of waste reduced by 90% and waste heat can be used | 79 | |
| 4747914480 | Waste incineration disadvantages | Toxic emissions | 80 | |
| 4747914481 | Keystone species | Species whose role In an ecosystem are more important than others | 81 | |
| 4747914482 | Indicator species | Species that serve as early warnings that an ecosystem is being damaged | 82 | |
| 4747914483 | Advantages of pesticides | Saves lives from insect transmitted disease, increases food supply, and increases farmer profit margin | 83 | |
| 4747914484 | Disadvantages of pesticides | Genetic resistance, ecosystem imbalance, pesticide treadmill, persistence, bioaccumulation, and biological magnification | 84 | |
| 4747914485 | Biological pest control | Method of controlling pests and diseases in agriculture that relies on natural predation rather then introduces chemicals | 85 | |
| 4747914486 | Explanation of how electricity is generated by a heat source | Using steam from water to turn a turbine | 86 | |
| 4747914487 | How petroleum forms | Microscopic aquatic organisms in sediments converted by heat and pressure into a mixture of hydrocarbons | 87 | |
| 4747914488 | Pros of petroleum | Relatively cheap, easily transported, high quality energy | 88 | |
| 4747914489 | Cons of petroleum | Reserves will be depleted soon, pollution during drilling, transport and refining | 89 | |
| 4747914490 | Types of coal | Peat, lignite, subituminous, bituminous, anthracite | 90 | |
| 4747914491 | Major parts of a nuclear reactor | Core, control rods, steam generator, turbine, containment building | 91 | |
| 4747914492 | Two most serious nuclear accidents | Chernobyl, Ukraine (1986) and Three Mile Island PA (1979) | 92 | |
| 4747914493 | Alternate energy sources | Wind, solar, waves, biomass, geothermal, fuel cells | 93 | |
| 4747914494 | LD50 | The dosage of a chemical needed to kill 50% of organisms in a test population | 94 | |
| 4747914495 | Mutagen, teratogen, carcinogen | Cause hereditary changes through mutations, cause fetus deformities and cancer | 95 | |
| 4747914496 | Multiple use US public land | Forest and recourse land, logging, mining, livestock, farming, etc. | 96 | |
| 4747914497 | Moderately restricted use land | Wildlife refuges, allows hunting, mining, logging, and grazing | 97 | |
| 4747914498 | Restricted use lands | National parks, allows only camping, hiking, and fishing | 98 | |
| 4747914499 | Volcanoes' contribution to the greenhouse effect | Emit around 300 million tonnes of CO2 per year | 99 |
