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APES Food Flashcards

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6145157628UndernutritionNot consuming enough calories to be healthy.0
6145157629MalnourishedDiet lacks the correct balance of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minterals1
6145157630Food Security- Condition in which people have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for an active and healthy life.2
6145157631Food InsecurityRefers to the condition in which people do not have adequate access to food.3
6145157632FamineCondition in which food insecurity is so extreme that large #'s of deaths occur in a given area over a relatively short period.4
6145157633AnemiaIron deficiency; most widespread nutritional deficiency in the world. (Est. 3 billion)5
6145157634OvernutritionThe ingestion of too many calories and improper foods, which causes a person to become overweight (Est. 1 billion).6
6145157635Meat2nd largest component of the human diet; usually defined as livestock and poultry.7
6145157636Industrial Agriculture/AgribusinessApplies the techniques of the Industrial Revolution - Mechanization and standardization - to the production of food.8
6145157638Green RevolutionNew management techniques and mechanization as well as the triad of fertilization, irrigation and improved crop varieties. These changes increased food production drastically.9
6145157644FertilizersReplaces nutrients lost through agriculture10
6145157645Organic FertilizersComposed of organic matter from plants and animals. Manure, etc.11
6145157646Synthetic/InorganicProduced commercially. Nitrogen fertilizers are often made by combusting natural gas.12
6145157647MonocroppingDominant agricultural practice in the U.S. Where large patches of land grow only one kind of crop. -> Soil degredation13
6145157648PesticidesSubstances that kill or control pests.14
6145157649InsecticidesTarget species of insects and other invertebrates that eat crops.15
6145157650HerbicidesTarget plant species that compete with crops.16
6145157651Broad-SpectrumPesticides that kill many different pests.17
6145157652Selective PesticidesKill on a narrow range of organisms.18
6145157653PersistentPesticides that remain in the environment for a long time19
6145157654BioaccumulationBuilding up over time in fat tissue of predators. More builds up than is eliminated.20
6145157655NonperisistentBreakdown rapidly21
6145157656ResistantThose individuals who survive the pesticide22
6145157657Pesticide TreadmillPositive feedback system. Pesticide Development -> Survivors/Immune -> more poisons.23
6145157658Conventional AgricultureIndustrial agriculture that has been so successful in reducing labor inputs and has become very widespread.24
6145157662Sustainable AgricultureFulfills the need for food and fiber while enhancing the quality of soil, minimizing the use of nonrenewable resources and allowing economic viability for the farmer.25
6145157663Intercropping2 or more crop species are planted in the same field at the same time to promote a synergistic interaction between them.26
6145157664Crop RotationMoving crops around to help keep nutrient levels high throughout the years.27
6145157665AgroforestryIntercropping trees with vegetables allows vegetation of different heights to act a windbreaks and catch soil.28
6145157666Contour PlowingPlowing and harvesting parallel to the topographic contours of the land helps prevent erosion by water.29
6145157667No-Till AgricultureAvoid soil degradation that comes with conventional agricultural techniques.30
6145157668Integrated Pest Management (IPM)Uses a variety of techniques designed to minimize pesticide outputs.31
6145157669Organic AgricultureProduction of crops without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers.32
6145157670Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO)Which are large indoor or outdoor structures designed for maximum output.33
6145157671FisheryCommercially harvestable population of fish within an ecological region.34
6145157672Fishery CollapseDecline of a fish population by at least 90%35
6145157673BycatchUnintentional Catches. Significantly reduced population of fish species such as sharks and endangered other organisms.36
6145157675AquacultureFarmings of aquatic organisms like shellfish, fish or seaweed.37

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