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APES Friedland and Relyea Ch.20 Flashcards

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331698030Economicsthe branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management
331698031Genuine Progress IndicatorAn economic indicator that attempts to differentiate between desirable and undesirable economic activity
331698032Technology TransferThe communication of specific plans, designs, or educational programs necessary for the use of new technologies from one society or class to another.
331698033Leapfrogginginvolves developing nations bypassing earlier technologies, enabling those nations to adopt more advanced technologies
331698034MicrolendingSmall loans made to the individual farmers and merchants who would not otherwise have access to credit
331698035Natural Capitalthe natural resources and natural services that keep us and other species alive and support out economies
331698036Human Capitalthe skills and knowledge gained by a worker through education and experience
331698037Manafactured CapitalItems such as machinery, equipment and factories made from natural resources
331698038Market Failurea situation in which the market does not distribute resources efficiently
331698039Enviromental EconomicsA subfield of economics that examines costs and benefits of various policies and regulations related to environmental degradation
331698040Ecological EconomicsApplication of ecological insights to economic analysis; incorporating ecological principles and priorities into economic accounting systems.
331698041Valuationan appraisal of the value of something
331698042Enviromental WorldviewHow people think the world works, what they think their role in the world should be, and what they believe is right and wrong environmental behavior (environmental ethics).
331698043Stewardshipresponsibility for conserving and restoring the Earth's resources for future generations
331698044Anthropocentrichuman-centered
331698045Biocentriclife-centered: also a theory of moral responsibility stating that all forms of life have an inherent right to exist and that humanity is not the center of existence.
331698046Ecocentricself centered
331698047United NationCreated in 1945 to help nations solve problems peacefully.
331698048United Nations Enviromental Programmegathers enviromental information and conducting research and assessing enviromental problems
331698049World Banka United Nations agency created to assist developing nations by loans guaranteed by member governments
331698050World Health Orginizationimprove human health by monitoring and assessing health trends and providing medical health
331698051United Nations Development Programmeprovides countries with assistance to encourage environmentally sustainable development
331698052Enviromental Protection AgencyCovers air and water pollution, noise, pesticides, solid waste, radiation and toxic substances.
331698053Occupational Safety and Health Administrationa government agency in the Department of Labor to maintain a safe and healthy work environment
331698054Department of Energythe federal department responsible for maintaining a national energy policy of the United States
331698055Human Development IndexIndicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy
331698056Human Poverty IndexH.P.I.; index based on information about life expectancy, literacy, and living standards.
331698057Command-and-Control Approachan approach that involves the government imposing quantitative limits on the amount of pollution firms are allowed to emit or requiring firms to install specific pollution control devices.
331698058Incentive-based Approachconstructs financial and other incentives for lowering emissions based on profits and benefits
331698059Green Taxa fiscal policy that lowers taxes on income, including wages and profit, and raises taxes on consumption, particularly the unsustainable consumption of non-renewable resources.
331698060Triple Bottom LineA business strategy that includes social, economic, and environmental criteria.

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