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| 9520093445 | Disease | Any impaired function of the body with a characteristic set of symptoms. |  | 0 |
| 9520093446 | Infectious Diseases | Caused by pathogens |  | 1 |
| 9520093447 | Chronic Diseases | Slowly impair the functioning of a person's body | | 2 |
| 9520093448 | Acute Diseases | Rapidly impair the functioning of a person's body. |  | 3 |
| 9520093449 | Epidemic | Pathogen causes a rapid increase in disease |  | 4 |
| 9520093450 | Pandemic | Epidemic over a large area |  | 5 |
| 9520093451 | Plague | Most familiar historical disease. Transmitted by flea bites or fleas on rodents. Swollen glands, black spots on skin, and extreme pain. |  | 6 |
| 9520093452 | Malaria | Caused by mosquitoes. Flu-like symptoms. Eradicated from US because of widespread mosquito killing with pesticides like DDT. | | 7 |
| 9520093453 | Tuberculosis | Infects lungs, airborne when someone coughs. Infected may not show symptoms. Cured with antibiotics, but when people don't take for full amount of time, drug resistant strains form. |  | 8 |
| 9520093454 | Emergent Infectious Diseases | Infectious diseases that were previously not described or have not been common prior to the past 20 years. | | 9 |
| 9520093455 | AIDS/HIV | STD and through sharing blood and needles. Weakens immune system. |  | 10 |
| 9520093456 | Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever | High death rate of infected. Fever, vomited, internal and external bleeding. |  | 11 |
| 9520093457 | Mad Cow Disease | Caused by prions. Loss of coordination, brain damage then death. |  | 12 |
| 9520093458 | Prions | Usually useful proteins in a cows brain that can mutate into harmful pathogens. | | 13 |
| 9520093459 | Bird Flu | H1N1. From close contact with birds. |  | 14 |
| 9520093460 | West Nile Virus | Transmitted among birds by mosquitoes. Spread to humans by mosquitoes. Inflammation of brain. |  | 15 |
| 9520093461 | Neurotoxins | Chemicals that disrupt nervous systems. |  | 16 |
| 9520093462 | Carcinogens | Chemicals that cause cancer. |  | 17 |
| 9520093463 | Mutagens | Carcinogens that cause damage to genetic material of a cell. |  | 18 |
| 9520093464 | Teratogens | Chemicals that interfere with the normal development of embryos or fetuses. |  | 19 |
| 9520093465 | Allergens | Chemicals that cause allergic reactions. |  | 20 |
| 9520093466 | Endocrine Disruptors | Chemicals that interfere with normal functioning of hormones. |  | 21 |
| 9520093467 | Lead | Paint, gas. Neurotoxin. Impaired learning, nervous system disorders, death |  | 22 |
| 9520093468 | Mercury | Coal burning, fish consumption. Neurotoxin. Damaged brain, kidneys, liver, and immune system. |  | 23 |
| 9520093469 | Arsenic | Mining, groundwater. Carcinogen. Cancer |  | 24 |
| 9520093470 | Asbestos | Building materials. Carcinogen. Impaired breathing, lung cancer. |  | 25 |
| 9520093471 | PCBs | Industry. Carcinogen. Cancer, impaired learning, liver damage. |  | 26 |
| 9520093472 | Radon | Soil, water. Carcinogen. Lung cancer. |  | 27 |
| 9520093473 | Vinyl Chloride | Industry, water from vinyl chloride pipes. Carcinogen. Cancer. |  | 28 |
| 9520093474 | Alcohol | Alcoholic beverages. Teratogen. Fetuses with reduced fetal growth, brain and nervous system damage. |  | 29 |
| 9520093475 | Atrazine | Herbicide. Endocrine disruptor. Feminization of males, low sperm count. |  | 30 |
| 9520093476 | DDT | Insecticide. Endocrine Disruptor. Feminization of males, thin eggshells of birds. |  | 31 |
| 9520093477 | Phthalates | Plastics, cosmetics. Endocrine disruptors. Feminization of males. |  | 32 |
| 9520093478 | Dose Response Studies | Expose plants or animals to different amounts of a chemical and then observe a variety of possible responses including mortality or changes in behavior or reproduction. |  | 33 |
| 9520093479 | Acute Studies | Short studies such as dose response. |  | 34 |
| 9520093480 | LD50 | Lethal dose that kills 50 percent of population. |  | 35 |
| 9520093481 | Sublethal effects | Effects that aren't death from a chemical. |  | 36 |
| 9520093482 | ED50 | Effective dose that harms 50 percent of population. | | 37 |
| 9520093483 | Safe Amount of chemical for animals | LD50/100 | | 38 |
| 9520093484 | Safe Amount of chemical for humans | LD50/1000 | | 39 |
| 9520093485 | Chronic Studies | Longer duration studies. |  | 40 |
| 9520093486 | Epidemiology | Field of science that strives to understand the causes of illness and disease in human and wildlife populations |  | 41 |
| 9520093487 | Retrospective Studies | Monitor people who have been exposed to a chemical sometime in the past. |  | 42 |
| 9520093488 | Prospective Studies | Monitor people who might become exposed to harmful chemicals in the future. | | 43 |
| 9520093489 | Synergistic Interactions | Two risks together would cause more harm than one individually. |  | 44 |
| 9520093490 | Routes of Exposure | Ways an individual might come into contact with a chemical |  | 45 |
| 9520093491 | Solubility | How well a chemical can dissolve in a liquid. |  | 46 |
| 9520093492 | Biomagnification | Increase in the increase in chemical concentration in animal tissues as the chemical moves up the food chain. |  | 47 |
| 9520093493 | Persistance | How long the chemical remains in the environment. |  | 48 |
| 9520093494 | Environmental Hazard | Anything in environment that can cause harm. |  | 49 |
| 9520093495 | Risk Assessment | Identify the hazard, characterize toxicity, determine extent of exposure. |  | 50 |
| 9520093496 | Risk Acceptance | Determine level of acceptable risk, balanced against social, economic, and political considerations. |  | 51 |
| 9520093497 | Risk Management | Determine policy with input from private citizens, industry, and interest groups. |  | 52 |
| 9520093498 | Innocent Until Proven Guilty Principle | Based on philosophy that a potential hazard should not be considered a hazard until scientific data can demonstrate harm. Allows introduction more quickly, but can harm environment and people for a long time before evidence exists. |  | 53 |
| 9520093499 | Precautionary Principle | Based on philosophy that when a hazard is plausible but not yet certain we should take actions to reduce or remove the hazard. Fewer chemicals enter environment but reduce financial motivation to invest in chemical research. | | 54 |
| 9520093500 | Stockholm Convention | Produced list of 12 chemicals to be banned, phased out, or reduced. Including DDT and PCBs. |  | 55 |
| 9520093501 | REACH | Established Precautionary Principle in Europe. | | 56 |
