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| 10643842712 | matter | anything that occupies space and has mass |  | 0 |
| 10643842713 | mass | a measurement of the amount of matter an object contains |  | 1 |
| 10643842714 | atom | the smallest particle than can contain the chemical properties of an element |  | 2 |
| 10643842715 | element | a substance composed of atoms that cannot be broken down into smaller, simpler components |  | 3 |
| 10643842716 | periodic table | a chart of all chemical elements currently known, organized by their properties |  | 4 |
| 10643842717 | molecule | a particle that contains more than one atom |  | 5 |
| 10643842718 | compound | a molecule containing more than one element |  | 6 |
| 10643842719 | atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of a particular atom |  | 7 |
| 10643842720 | mass number | a measurement of the total number of protons and neutrons in an element |  | 8 |
| 10643842721 | isotopes | atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons |  | 9 |
| 10643842722 | radioactive decay | the spontaneous release of material from the nucleus of radioactive isotopes |  | 10 |
| 10643842723 | half-life | the time it takes for one-half of an original radioactive parent atom to decay |  | 11 |
| 10643842724 | covalent bond | the bond formed when elements share electrons |  | 12 |
| 10643842725 | ionic bond | a chemical bond between two oppositely charged ions |  | 13 |
| 10643842726 | hydrogen bond | a weak chemical bond that forms when hydrogen atoms that are covalently bonded to one atom are attracted to another atom or another molecule |  | 14 |
| 10643842727 | polar molecule | a molecule in which one side is more positive and the other side is more negative | 15 | |
| 10643842728 | energy | the ability to do work or transfer heat |  | 16 |
| 10643842729 | electromagnetic radiation | a form of energy emitted by the sun that includes but is not limited to, visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared energy |  | 17 |
| 10643842730 | photon | a massless packet of energy that carries electromagnetic radiation at the speed of light |  | 18 |
| 10643842731 | joule | the amount of energy used when a one-watt electrical device is turned on for one second |  | 19 |
| 10643842732 | potential energy | stored energy that has not been released |  | 20 |
| 10643842733 | kinetic energy | the energy of motion |  | 21 |
| 10643842734 | chemical energy | potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds |  | 22 |
| 10643842735 | temperature | the measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance | 23 | |
| 10643842736 | first law of thermodynamics | a physical law which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can change from one form to another |  | 24 |
| 10643842737 | second law of thermodynamics | a physical law stating that when energy is transformed, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work is diminished |  | 25 |
| 10643842738 | energy efficiency | the ratio of the amount of work done to the total amount of energy introduced to the system |  | 26 |
| 10643842739 | energy quality | the ease with which an energy source can be used for work | 27 | |
| 10643842740 | entropy | disorder/randomness in a system |  | 28 |
| 10643842741 | open system | a system in which exchanges of matter or energy occur across system boundaries. | 29 | |
| 10643842742 | closed system | exchange of matter or energy does not occur across system boundaries. Ex: Matter on Earth continuously recycles | 30 | |
| 10643842743 | output | a loss from a system | 31 | |
| 10643842744 | input | an addition to a system | 32 | |
| 10643842745 | system analysis | looks at inputs, outputs, and changes in a system under various conditions | 33 | |
| 10643842746 | steady state | a state in which inputs equal outputs, so that the system is not changing over time |  | 34 |
| 10643842747 | feedback | adjustment to input or output caused by change |  | 35 |
| 10643842748 | negative feedback loops | a feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by returning to its original state, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring |  | 36 |
| 10643842749 | positive feedback loops | a feedback loop in which change in a system is amplified |  | 37 |
| 10643842750 | weight | the force that results from gravity acting on mass | 38 | |
| 10643842751 | surface tension | cohesion of water molecules creates stretchy surface layer | 39 | |
| 10643842752 | capillary action | cohesion and adhesion of water molecules pulls them along a surface or up a tube | 40 | |
| 10643842753 | conservation of matter | matter cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another | 41 | |
| 10643842754 | organic compound | a compound that contains carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds | 42 | |
| 10643842755 | inorganic molecules | a compound that does not contain the element carbon or contains carbon bound to elements other than hydroget | 43 | |
| 10643842756 | power | rate at which work is done | 44 | |
| 10643842757 | kinetic energy | the energy of motion | 45 | |
| 10643842758 | potential energy | stored energy that has not been released | 46 | |
| 10643842759 | energy efficiency | the ratio of the amount of energy expended in the four you want to the total amount of energy that is included in the system | 47 | |
| 10643842760 | open System | exchange of matter or energy occur across system boundaries | 48 | |
| 10643842761 | natural law | phenomenon which has been rigorously tested and to which there are no known exceptions | 49 | |
| 10643842762 | macromolecules | carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids | 50 | |
| 10643842763 | acid | a substance that contributes hydrogen ions to a solution | 51 | |
| 10643842764 | base | a substance that contributes hydroxide ions to a solution | 52 | |
| 10643842765 | pH | the number that indicates the relative strength of acids and bases in a substance | 53 | |
| 10643842766 | chemical reaction | a reaction that occurs when atoms separate from molecules or recombine with other molecules | 54 | |
| 10643842767 | carbohydrate | a compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms | 55 | |
| 10643842768 | protein | a critical component of living organisms made up of a long chain of nitrogen-containing organic molecules known as amino acids |  | 56 |
| 10643842769 | nucleic acid | organic compounds found in all living cells | 57 | |
| 10643842770 | DNA | a nucleic acid, the genetic material that contains the code for reproducing the components of the next generation, and which organisms pass on to their offspring |  | 58 |
| 10643842771 | RNA | a nucleic acid that translates the code stored in DNA, which makes possible the synthesis of proteins | 59 | |
| 10643842772 | lipid | a smaller organic biological molecule that does not mix with water | 60 | |
| 10643842773 | cell | a highly organized living entity that consists of four types of macromolecules and other substances in a water solution, surrounded by a membrane | 61 |
