Terms : Hide Images
| 9679599095 | ecosystem diversity | the measure of the variety of ecosystems within a region |  | 0 |
| 9679599096 | species diversity | the measure of the variety of species within an ecosystem |  | 1 |
| 9679599097 | genetic diversity | the measure of the variety of genes within a species |  | 2 |
| 9679599098 | species richness | the number of species in a given area |  | 3 |
| 9679599099 | species eveness | tells us whether a particular ecosystem is numerically dominated by one species or whether all of its species have similar abundances |  | 4 |
| 9679599100 | phylogenies | the branching patterns of evolutionary relationships |  | 5 |
| 9679599101 | evolution | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time |  | 6 |
| 9679599102 | microevolution | the evolution below the species level, such as the evolution of different varieties of apples or potatoes |  | 7 |
| 9679599103 | macroevolution | the process in which genetic changes give rise to a new species, genera, family, class, or phyla |  | 8 |
| 9679599104 | genes | are physical locations on chromosomes within each cell of an organism; determines the range of possible traits that it can pass down to its offspring |  | 9 |
| 9679599105 | genotype | the complete set of genes in an individual |  | 10 |
| 9679599106 | mutation | an occasional mistake in the copying process of DNA produces a random change in the genetic code |  | 11 |
| 9679599107 | recombination | occurs as chromosomes are duplicated during reproductive cell division and a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome |  | 12 |
| 9679599108 | phenotype | the actual set of traits expressed in that individual |  | 13 |
| 9679599109 | artificial selection | when humans determine which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind |  | 14 |
| 9679599110 | natural selection | the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce |  | 15 |
| 9679599111 | fitness | an individual's ability to survive and reproduce | 16 | |
| 9679599112 | adaptations | traits that improve an individual's fitness |  | 17 |
| 9679599113 | genetic drift | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating |  | 18 |
| 9679599114 | bottleneck effect | a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size |  | 19 |
| 9679599115 | founder effect | a change in a population descended from a small number of colonizing individuals |  | 20 |
| 9679599116 | geographic isolation | when a subset of individuals from a larger population may colonize a new area of habitat that is physically separated from that of the rest of the population |  | 21 |
| 9679599117 | reproductive isolation | when the geographically separated population becomes so different that even if the physical barrier were removed, they could no longer interbreed and produce viable offspring |  | 22 |
| 9679599118 | allopatric speciation | a process of speciation that requires geographic isolation |  | 23 |
| 9679599119 | sympatric speciation | the evolution of one species into two species in the absence of geographic isolation |  | 24 |
| 9679599120 | genetic engineering | techniques in which scientists can now copy genes form a species with some desirable trait and insert these genes into other species |  | 25 |
| 9679599121 | genetically modified organisms | organisms that have had their genetic makeup modified by genetic engineering |  | 26 |
| 9679599122 | range of tolerance | limits to the abiotic conditions they can tolerate |  | 27 |
| 9679599123 | fundamental niche | The full potential range of the physical, chemical, and biological factors a species can use if there is no competition from other species. | 28 | |
| 9679599124 | realized niche | the range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives |  | 29 |
| 9679599125 | species distribution | the areas of the world in which the species lives |  | 30 |
| 9679599126 | niche generalists | organisms that can live in a variety of habitats or feed on a variety of species |  | 31 |
| 9679599127 | niche specialists | organisms that are specialized to lie in a specific habitat of feed on a small group of species |  | 32 |
| 9679599128 | fossils | the remains of organisms that have been preserved in rock |  | 33 |
| 9679599129 | mass extinction | events in which large number of species when extinct over relatively short periods of time |  | 34 |
| 9679599130 | sixth mass extinction | scientists have predicted/identified a new mass extinction is underway and an estimated 2-25 percent of species will go extinct; it is caused by humans |  | 35 |
| 9679599131 | endemic species | A species that is found in its originating location and is generally restricted to that geographic area. |  | 36 |
| 9679599132 | biodiversity hot spot | A relatively small area with an exceptional concentration of endemic species and a large number of endangered and threatened species |  | 37 |
