Terms : Hide Images
| 8594783018 | population | a group of interbreeding individuals of the same species | 0 | |
| 8594783019 | population change | (births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration) | 1 | |
| 8594783020 | age structure | distribution of individuals among various age groups | 2 | |
| 8594784968 | pre-reproductive age | too young to reproduce | 3 | |
| 8594784969 | reproductive age | capable of reproduction | 4 | |
| 8594786995 | post-reproductive age | too old to reproduce | 5 | |
| 8594786996 | range of tolerance | range of variations in physical and chemical environment under which a population can survive | 6 | |
| 8594786997 | limiting factors | certain factors that limit population size | 7 | |
| 8594788486 | population density | number of individuals in a population found within a defined area or volume | 8 | |
| 8594788487 | J curve | exponential growth |  | 9 |
| 8594791690 | S curve | logistic curve with a carrying capacity |  | 10 |
| 8594791691 | environmental resistance | the sum of limiting factors such as sunlight, water, temp, space, nutrients | 11 | |
| 8594791692 | carrying capacity | the max population of a given species that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely |  | 12 |
| 8594794004 | population crash | when a population uses up resources and temporarily overshoots its carrying capacity | 13 | |
| 8594794005 | r-selected species | -shorter life spans -many, usually small, offspring -no parental care -high infant mortality -->more offspring -algae, bacteria, insects -are opportunists | 14 | |
| 8594795726 | k-selected species | -reproduce later in life -small # of offspring -longer life spans -larger -cared for and protected by parents | 15 | |
| 8594795727 | survivorship curve | trends of species survival as individuals age |  | 16 |
| 8594797870 | late loss | high survivorship to a certain age, then high mortality | 17 | |
| 8594797871 | early loss | low survivorship early in life | 18 | |
| 8594797872 | constant loss | constant death rate among all ages | 19 | |
| 8594799746 | demographers | population experts | 20 | |
| 8594799747 | human population distribution | unevenly weighted towards less-developed countries where the population is growing much faster than in more-developed countries | 21 | |
| 8594802708 | viability | how likely a population is to survive | 22 | |
| 8594802709 | factors increasing viability | -favorable conditions -fewer predators -high birth rate -high genetic diversity -->ability to adapt to changes -less competition | 23 | |
| 8594805259 | factors decreasing viability | -unfavorable conditions -more predators -low birth rate -low genetic diversity --> inability to adapt to changes -more competition | 24 | |
| 8594808252 | stationary populations | harder to count | 25 | |
| 8594808253 | mobile populations | easier to count | 26 | |
| 8594811229 | quadrant estimation | works best for stationary populations, divide area into equal parts and then count individuals in randomly selected sections | 27 | |
| 8594926638 | uniform distribution | an even distribution throughout a given area | 28 | |
| 8594926639 | clumped distribution | a random distribution throughout a given area |  | 29 |
| 8594928924 | random distribution | individuals in a population are clustered together, creating some patches with many individuals and some patches with no individuals | 30 | |
| 9059358566 | total fertility rate (tfr) | the average number of children born per female in a given country | 31 | |
| 9059364323 | replacement level TFR | 2.1 in order to replace both parents and account for possible death before reproductive age | 32 | |
| 9059370435 | factors affecting a country's birth rate and TFR | -importance of children as part of the labor force -cost of raising and educating children -availability or lack of pension systems -urbanization -educational/employment opportunities for women -average age at marriage -availability of legal abortions -availability of birth control -religious/cultural beliefs | 33 | |
| 9059381548 | infant mortality rate | the number of babies out of every 1000 born who die before age one | 34 | |
| 9059385434 | pyramid shape age diagram | lack of food, medical care, clean water, pre-industrial countries | 35 | |
| 9059392210 | bell shaped age diagram | lower TFR and higher life expectancy, essentially no infant mortality | 36 | |
| 9059398124 | urn shaped age diagram | TFR is below replacement level of 2.1, decrease in population over time, occurs in more developed regions | 37 | |
| 9059403279 | demographic transition | as countries become industrialized and economically developed, their per capita incomes rise, poverty declines, and population growth slows 4 stages: -preindustrial: birth and death rate high, pop. low -transitional: death rate decreases, birth rate stable, population increasing -industrial: birth, death rates low, population high postindustrial: pop. growth declines as birth rates equal and then fall below death rates | 38 | |
| 9059422267 | urban sprawl | the growth of low-density development on the edges of cities and towns | 39 |
