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| 15972732336 | ecosystem diversity | variety of ecosystems | 0 | |
| 15941185159 | species diversity | variety of species in a given ecosystem | 1 | |
| 15941185160 | genetic diversity | variety of genes with in a species | 2 | |
| 15941257361 | species | A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring. | 3 | |
| 15941446816 | species richness | the number of different species in a community | 4 | |
| 15941449518 | species evenness | relative abundance of each species | 5 | |
| 15941466021 | phylogeny | branching pattern of evolutionary relations that indicate how closely related they are -morphology -behavior -genetics | 6 | |
| 15941470405 | ecological succession | the predictable replacement of one group of species by another group of species over time | 7 | |
| 15941470406 | primary succession | succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists | 8 | |
| 15941484285 | secondary succession | succession that starts with soil | 9 | |
| 15941505408 | pioneer species | first species to populate an area during succession | 10 | |
| 15941507553 | climax community | a stable community that no longer goes through major ecological changes doesnt truly exist | 11 | |
| 15941512534 | island biogeography | •dispersing species are more likely to find larger>smaller habitats •at any latitude, larger habitats support more species and larger populations •larger habitats contain a wider range of environ conditions and in therefore more niches and greater opportunity for speciation | 12 | |
| 15941556836 | evolution | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time | 13 | |
| 15941560724 | microevolution | evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms, especially over a short period. | 14 | |
| 15941563265 | macroevolution | large-scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time give rise to new species | 15 | |
| 15941563266 | genes | the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA | 16 | |
| 15941597859 | phenotype | actual set of traits physically expressed | 17 | |
| 15941597860 | genotype | complete set of genes in an individual | 18 | |
| 15941600430 | mutation | a random error in gene replication that leads to a change | 19 | |
| 15941600431 | recombination | the genetic process by which one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome during reproductive cell division produces novel traits | 20 | |
| 15941604900 | artificial selection | human breeding of organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits. | 21 | |
| 15941644053 | natural selection | the environment determines which organisms (and therefore traits) survive | 22 | |
| 15941647488 | fitness | ability to survive and reproduce | 23 | |
| 15941647489 | adaptations | traits that improve fitness | 24 | |
| 15941668125 | gene flow | process by which individuals move from one population to another and alter the genetic composition of both | 25 | |
| 15941668126 | genetic drift | A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance | 26 | |
| 15941729233 | bottleneck effect | a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size higher risk of extinction | 27 | |
| 15941821215 | extinction | A term that typically describes a species that no longer has any known living individuals. | 28 | |
| 15941825900 | founder effect | change in genetic composition due to a small number of colonizers moving | 29 | |
| 15941858265 | geographic isolation | physical separation of a group from others of the same species | 30 | |
| 15941858266 | allopatric isolation | The process of speciation that occurs in geographic isolation | 31 | |
| 15949933064 | reproductive isolation | Separation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed | 32 | |
| 15949934822 | sympatric speciation | the evolution of one species into two, without geographic isolation | 33 | |
| 15950260851 | genetically modified organisms; gmo | scientists copy genes of desired traits and insert them to make ... | 34 | |
| 15950265308 | range of tolerance | the limits to the abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate | 35 | |
| 15950272013 | fundamental niche | The suite of abiotic conditions under which a species can survive, grow, and reproduce | 36 | |
| 15950272014 | realized niche | the range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives | 37 | |
| 15950274882 | distribution | areas of the world in which a species lives | 38 | |
| 15950274883 | niche generalists | a species that can live under a wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions | 39 | |
| 15950276645 | niche specialists | a species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat or to feed on a small group of species more vulnerable to environmental change | 40 | |
| 15970542009 | mass extinction | event in which many types of living things become extinct at the same time | 41 | |
| 15970542010 | sixth mass extinction | current mass extinction caused primarily by habitat loss due to human actions | 42 | |
| 15970551808 | Marine Mammal Protection Act | prohibits the killing of all marine mammals in the U.S. and prohibits the import or export of any marine mammal body parts. | 43 | |
| 15970551809 | endangered species | A species whose numbers are so small that the species is at risk of extinction | 44 | |
| 15970554995 | threathened species | a species that is likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future | 45 | |
| 15970554996 | CITES | agreement to ban/limit trade in endangered species | 46 | |
| 15970564939 | Convention on Biological Diversity | An international treaty to help protect biodiversity | 47 | |
| 15970564940 | edge habitat | A habitat that occurs where two different communities come together, typically forming an abrupt transition | 48 | |
| 15970570761 | biosphere reserves | protected areas consisting of zones that vary in the amount of permissible human impact | 49 | |
| 15970570762 | core zone | no human activity allowed best biodiversity | 50 | |
| 15970573651 | buffer zone | area of a reserve that is minimally impacted by humans | 51 | |
| 15970573652 | transition zone | area of reserve where human activity progresses like normal | 52 | |
| 15970577485 | Paine's experiment | hypothesis: if the starfish is removed then the ecosystem will collapse independent: presence of starfish dependent: ecosystem diversity experimental: the tide pool without starfish control: the natural tide pool results: saw the ecosystem collapse and become a mussel monoculture | 53 | |
| 15995424225 | 78 | __% of earth's atmosphere is nitrogen | 54 | |
| 15995431682 | Trophosphere | layer of Earth's atmosphere closest to Earth's surface where weather takes place and where most pollution occurs | 55 | |
| 15995448166 | stratosphere | 2nd layer of atmosphere; extends from 10 to 30 miles up; location of ozone layer; absorbs 95% of Ultraviolet radiation; temperature increases with altitude increase. | 56 | |
| 15995458283 | mesosphere | 3rd + coldest layer of the atmosphere | 57 | |
| 15995464658 | Thermosphere | The uppermost layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altitude increases | 58 | |
| 15995473102 | Albedo | Ability of a surface to reflect light | 59 | |
| 15995478080 | equator | region of the earth where the sun hits at the most direct angle | 60 | |
| 15995537538 | rises | warm air ____ | 61 | |
| 15995562149 | sinks | cold air ____ | 62 | |
| 15995572621 | intertropical convergence zone; itcz | The latitude that receives the most intense sunlight, which causes the ascending branches of the two Hadley cells to converge | 63 | |
| 15995576578 | hadley cells | a large-scale atmospheric convection cell in which air rises at the equator and sinks at medium latitudes, typically about 30° north or south. | 64 | |
| 15995589925 | Coriolis effect | Causes moving air and water to turn left in the southern hemisphere and turn right in the northern hemisphere due to Earth's hemisphere. | 65 | |
| 15995660551 | gyres | A large-scale pattern of water circulation that moves clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere | 66 | |
| 15995666296 | upwelling | the upward movement of ocean water toward the surface as a result of diverging currents | 67 | |
| 15995669684 | downwelling | The movement of water from the surface to greater depths. | 68 | |
| 15995674933 | thermohaline circulation | a worldwide current system in which warmer, fresher water moves along the surface; and colder, saltier water moves deep beneath the surface | 69 | |
| 15995693987 | El Nino | an irregularly occurring and complex series of climatic changes affecting the equatorial Pacific region and beyond every few years, characterized by the appearance of unusually warm, nutrient-poor water | 70 | |
| 15995707898 | la nina | A climate event in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which surface waters are colder than normal. | 71 | |
| 15995711271 | windward side | side of the mountain where rain and other weather are expected | 72 | |
| 15995714076 | leeward side | side of mountain that gets very little precipitation and can be desert like | 73 | |
| 15995729112 | rainshadow effect |  | 74 | |
| 15995736316 | rain shadow | A dry area on the downwind side of a mountain. | 75 | |
| 15995739204 | Permafrost | permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground | 76 |
