11857001094 | Lithosphere | A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust. | ![]() | 0 |
11857001095 | Convection | The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid | ![]() | 1 |
11857006395 | hot spot | An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it | ![]() | 2 |
11857007800 | Island Arc Volcano | Older, dense plate sinks below the younger one. Can cause a chain of islands | ![]() | 3 |
11857009820 | subduction zone | The region where oceanic plates sink down into the asthenosphere. | ![]() | 4 |
11857012242 | convergent plate boundary | A tectonic plate boundary where two plates collide, come together, or crash into each other. | ![]() | 5 |
11857012243 | divergent plate boundary | an area beneath the ocean where tectonic plates move away from each other | ![]() | 6 |
11857013511 | transform plate boundary | Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other. | ![]() | 7 |
11857015408 | Ring of Fire | A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean | ![]() | 8 |
11857017792 | Epicenter | Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus | ![]() | 9 |
11857020488 | Richter scale | A scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves. | ![]() | 10 |
11857022597 | igneous rock | a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface | ![]() | 11 |
11857022598 | Extrusive | fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth's surface | ![]() | 12 |
11857027687 | intrusive | a type of igneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface. | ![]() | 13 |
11857029143 | sedimentary rock | A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together | ![]() | 14 |
11857031325 | metamorphic rock | A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. | ![]() | 15 |
11857031326 | Erosion | Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e. weathering, glaciation) | ![]() | 16 |
11857034725 | O horizon | The organic horizon at the surface of many soils, composed of organic detritus in various stages of decomposition | ![]() | 17 |
11857038032 | A soil horizon | The layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it. | ![]() | 18 |
11857039556 | E horizon | The zone of leaching that forms under the O horizon or, less often, the A horizon. | ![]() | 19 |
11857041923 | B horizon | A soil horizon composed primarily of mineral material with very little organic matter | ![]() | 20 |
11857041924 | C horizon | The least-weathered soil horizon, which always occurs beneath the B horizon and is similar to the parent material. | ![]() | 21 |
11857048256 | ore | a rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral making it profitable to mine | ![]() | 22 |
11857050869 | tailings | piles of gangue, which is the waste material that results from mining. | ![]() | 23 |
APES Vocab Flashcards
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