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APES Vocab Flashcards

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11857001094LithosphereA rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.0
11857001095ConvectionThe transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid1
11857006395hot spotAn area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it2
11857007800Island Arc VolcanoOlder, dense plate sinks below the younger one. Can cause a chain of islands3
11857009820subduction zoneThe region where oceanic plates sink down into the asthenosphere.4
11857012242convergent plate boundaryA tectonic plate boundary where two plates collide, come together, or crash into each other.5
11857012243divergent plate boundaryan area beneath the ocean where tectonic plates move away from each other6
11857013511transform plate boundaryBoundary between two plates that are sliding past each other.7
11857015408Ring of FireA major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean8
11857017792EpicenterPoint on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus9
11857020488Richter scaleA scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves.10
11857022597igneous rocka type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface11
11857022598Extrusivefine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth's surface12
11857027687intrusivea type of igneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface.13
11857029143sedimentary rockA type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together14
11857031325metamorphic rockA type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.15
11857031326ErosionProcesses by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e. weathering, glaciation)16
11857034725O horizonThe organic horizon at the surface of many soils, composed of organic detritus in various stages of decomposition17
11857038032A soil horizonThe layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it.18
11857039556E horizonThe zone of leaching that forms under the O horizon or, less often, the A horizon.19
11857041923B horizonA soil horizon composed primarily of mineral material with very little organic matter20
11857041924C horizonThe least-weathered soil horizon, which always occurs beneath the B horizon and is similar to the parent material.21
11857048256orea rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral making it profitable to mine22
11857050869tailingspiles of gangue, which is the waste material that results from mining.23

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