Terms : Hide Images
| 209027549 | Muhammad | the prophet believed by Muslims to be the channel for the final unfolding of God's revelation to mankind: popularly regarded as the founder of Islam | 0 | |
| 209027550 | Muslim | a follower of the religion of Islam | 1 | |
| 209027551 | Quran | the sacred text of Islam, divided into 114 chapters, or suras: revered as the word of God, dictated to Muhammad by the arch angel Gabriel, and accepted as the foundation of Islamic law, religion, culture and politics | 2 | |
| 209027552 | Five Pillars | the basic precepts of Islam, including belief in Allah and Muhammad the prophet, prayer, charity or almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimmage to Mecca containing a sacred black stone: regarded by Muslims as the House of God and the objective of their pilgrimmages | 3 | |
| 209027553 | Sunni | a member of one of the two great religious divisions of Islam, regarding the first four caliphs as legitimate successors of Muhammad and stressing the importance of Sunna as a basis for law | 4 | |
| 209027554 | hijra | the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution A.D.622; beginning of Muslim Era | 5 | |
| 209027555 | Umayyad | member of a Muslim dynasty which ruled the caliphate 661-750 CE and in 756 CE founded an emirate in Spain | 6 | |
| 209027556 | Ulama | a body of Muslim scholars or religious leaders | 7 | |
| 209027557 | Harun al-Rushid | the fifth Arab Abbasid Caliph in Iraq | 8 | |
| 209027558 | sufi | an adherent of any varioius Muslim mystical orders or teachings, which emphasize the direct personal experience of God | 9 | |
| 209027559 | "seal of the prophets" | a title given to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by a verse in the Quran | 10 | |
| 209027560 | Arab | a member of a Semitic people originally inhabiting Arabia, who spread throughout the Middle East, N Africa, and Spain during the 7th and 8th centuries AD | 11 | |
| 209027561 | Islam | the religious faith of Muslims, based on the words and religious system founded by Muhammad and taught by the Koran, the basic principle of which is absolute submission to a unique and personal god | 12 | |
| 209027562 | dar al-Islam | "the home of Islam" | 13 | |
| 209027563 | jihad | a holy war undertaken as a sacred duty by Muslims | 14 | |
| 209027564 | hajj | the pilgrimmage to Mecca, which every adult Muslim is supposed to make at least once in his or her lifetime | 15 | |
| 209027565 | caliph | a spiritual leader of Islam, claiming succession from Muhammad | 16 | |
| 209027566 | Shia | the Shi'ites; a member of one of the two great religious divisions of Islam that regards Ali, the son-in-law of Muhammad, as the legitimate successor of Muhammad, and disregardss the three caliphs who succeeded him | 17 | |
| 209027567 | umma | the Islamic community | 18 | |
| 209027568 | Abbasid | a member of a dynasty of caliphs ruling at Baghdad, AD 750-1258, governing most of the Islamic world and claiming descent from Abbas, uncle of Muhammad | 19 | |
| 209027569 | qadis | a judge in a Muslim community, whose decisions are based on Islamic religious law | 20 | |
| 209027570 | sultan | the sovreign of an Islamic country | 21 | |
| 209027571 | Ibn Rushd/Averroes | Arab philosopher in Spain | 22 | |
| 209027572 | Belisarius | 505-565 AD; Byzantine general under Justinian I. He recovered North Africa from the Vandals and Italy from the ostrogoths and led forces against the persians | 23 | |
| 209027573 | Balkans | the countries in the Balkan peninsula: Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, and the European part of Turkey | 24 | |
| 209027574 | Greek-fire | an incendiary mixture of unknown composition, used in warfare in medieval times by Byzantins Greeks | 25 | |
| 209027575 | Hagia Sophia | a 6th century masterpiece of Byzantine architecture in Istanbul; built as a Christian church, converted to a mosque in 1453, and made into a museum in the middle of the 20th century | 26 | |
| 209027576 | Procopium | Greek historian in AD 490-562 | 27 | |
| 209027577 | Icons | a picture, image, of other representative | 28 | |
| 209027578 | Theodora and Zoe | Byzantine empress; consort of Justinian I in AD 508-548(Theodora); Zoe is a name meaning life | 29 | |
| 209027579 | Constantinople | the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Empire in AD 476 | 30 | |
| 209027580 | Tsar | an emperor or king | 31 | |
| 209027581 | Justinian | AD 483-565; Byzantine emperor | 32 | |
| 209027582 | Iconoclasm | a person who attacks cherished beliefs, traditional institutions, etc., as being based on error or superstition | 33 | |
| 209027583 | Cyrillic alphabet | The alphabet used for writing the Russian language and several related languages. Most of its letters differ from those in the Latin alphabet, which is used to write English and other western European languages. | 34 | |
| 209027584 | Orthodox Christian | a religious person from the Orthodox Church who believes that God revealed himself in Jesus Christ and also affirms the incarnation of Christ, his crucifixion and resurrection | 35 | |
| 209027585 | Bulgaria | a republic in SE Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula on the Black Sea: under Turkish rule from 1395 until 1878; became an independent kingdom in 1908 and a republic in 1946 | 36 | |
| 209027586 | Constantine | Roman emperor 324-337: named Constantinople as the new capital; legally sanctioned Christian worship. | 37 | |
| 209027587 | Basil II | a Byzantine emperor from the Macedonian dynasty who reigned from 10 January 976 to 15 December 1025. | 38 | |
| 209027588 | Theodora | a.d. 508-548, Byzantine empress: consort of Justinian I. | 39 | |
| 209027589 | Byzantine Empire | the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Empire in a.d. 476 | 40 | |
| 209027590 | Cyril and Methodius | two Byzantine Greek brothers born in Thessaloniki in the 9th century. They became missionaries of Christianity among the Slavic peoples of Bulgaria, Great Moravia and Pannonia. Through their work they influenced the cultural development of all Slavs, for which they received the title "Apostles to the Slavs". They are credited with devising the Glagolitic alphabet, the first alphabet used to transcribe Old Church Slavonic | 41 | |
| 209027591 | Magyars | a member of the ethnic group, of the Finno-Ugric stock, that forms the predominant element of the population of Hungary | 42 | |
| 209027592 | church | a building for public Christian worship. | 43 | |
| 209027593 | Manzikert | Manzikert was the site of a crushing and demoralizing defeat of Byzantine forces led by the Emperor Romanus IV by Seljuk Turks led by Alp Arslan in 1071. Its significance to the crusading movement stems from the fact that the defeat revealed the weakness of the Byzantine Empire to Muslim invasion and engendered a greater willingness on the part of the Byzantine Empire to consider and eventually request military aid from the West | 44 |
