chapters 4-6
terms on the study guides
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| 37262279 | Minoan Crete | the earliest civilization in the aegean region; dissapered; had pluming and bronze | 0 | |
| 37262280 | Mycenean | 1600-1100 BCE; Indo-Europeans who settled on the Greek mainland, ended in a dark age | 1 | |
| 37262281 | Dorians | Greek-speaking people who migrated into mainland Greece after the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization. | 2 | |
| 37262282 | Greek Dark Age | 1100-750 BCE; decline in food production and population, many migrated across the aegean sea | 3 | |
| 37262283 | Ionians | greeks who settle on a strip of Asia Minor territory known as Ionia during dark ages | 4 | |
| 37262284 | iron | after greek dark age, metal replacing bronze in weapons for affordablilty | 5 | |
| 37262285 | Greek alphabet | 8th Cent BCE; writing system adopted from the Phonecians | 6 | |
| 37262286 | Homer | famous Greek writer of the Iliad and the Odyssey | 7 | |
| 37262287 | Trojan War | around 1200 BCE; a great war fought between Greece and Troy because trojan prince kidnapped spartan queen helen | 8 | |
| 37262288 | polis | around 750-500 BCE; a Greek city-state | 9 | |
| 37262289 | acropolis | the meeting point of athens used as a sanctuary | 10 | |
| 37262290 | agora | an open place below an acropolis that served as both a marketplace and a place for citizens to assemble | 11 | |
| 37262291 | hoplites | est. 8th cent. BCE; heavily armed infantrymen in greece who wore bronze or leather armor | 12 | |
| 37262292 | phalanx | a rectangular formation of greek hoplites | 13 | |
| 37262293 | greek colonization | 750-500 BCE; islands occupied by greek migrants, colonies were connected by culture and religion;colonies led to increased greek trade and industry | 14 | |
| 37262294 | greek tyrants | 7-6th cent BCE; rulers with complete control, not necessarily evil | 15 | |
| 37262295 | aristocratic oligarchy | a government ruled by a few aristocrats | 16 | |
| 37262296 | Sparta | a Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts, rivals of athens | 17 | |
| 37262297 | Messenia | 7th cent BCE; neighboring city-state enslaved to Sparta as helots | 18 | |
| 37262298 | helots | Spartans serfs from Messenia, means "capture" | 19 | |
| 37262299 | reforms of Lycurgus | 800-600 BCE; law set in Sparta giving militaristic discipline | 20 | |
| 37262300 | Spartan women | women with the most freedom in Greece; lived at home, encouraged to exercise to birth strong healthy children | 21 | |
| 37262301 | gerousia | Spartan council of elders (over 60 yrs old) | 22 | |
| 37262302 | Athens | est. 700 BCE; Greek city-state, was monarchy then aristocracy, had economic turmoil at the end of 7th cent. BCE | 23 | |
| 37262303 | Solon | ruled 594 BCE; a pro-reformer; cancelled land debts, outlawed slavery from debt; unsuccessful because of not redistributing land | 24 | |
| 37262304 | Pisistratus | ruled 560-510 BCE; an aristocrat, gave land to the poor, aided trade, ended in citizens rebellion | 25 | |
| 37262305 | reforms of Cleisthenes | ruled 508 BCE; an Athenian reformer, installed Council of Five Hundred | 26 | |
| 37262306 | democracy | emerged 5th cent BCE; athenian way of gov't, "power of the people" | 27 | |
| 37262307 | Classical Greece | 500- 338 BCE; an era of Greek history, begins with confrontation between greek city-states and the persian empire, ends in conquest of macedonian king philip II | 28 | |
| 37262308 | Persian War | 490 BCE; Persians seek revenge on Greeks for the Athenian helping Ionian revolt in 499 BCE | 29 | |
| 37262309 | Darius | died 486 BCE; emperor of Persian Empire, responsible for a lot of expansion | 30 | |
| 37262310 | Marathon | a plain located 26 miles from Athens, or a modern-day 26 mile race | 31 | |
| 37262311 | Xerxes | 486 BCE; Persian emperor, succeeded Darius, invaded Greece 480-479 BCE | 32 | |
| 37262312 | Delian League | est. 478-477; a Greek defensive alliance against the Persians led by Athens, centered in island of Delos | 33 | |
| 37262313 | Pericles | 461-429 BCE; Athenian aristocratic ruler, advanced Athenian democracy, height of Athens, rebuilt Athens with Delian League money | 34 | |
| 37262314 | Peloponnesian War | 431-338 BCE; Sparta and allies afraid Athens became to powerful so declare war; weakened the major city-states | 35 | |
| 37262315 | Herodotus | 484-425 BCE; famous Greek writer, wrote History of the Persian Wars | 36 | |
| 37262316 | Thucydides | 460-400 BCE; famous Athenian writer, considered the greatest historian of the ancient world | 37 | |
| 37701345 | greek tragedy | Greek plays based on the suffering of a hero and usually ending in disaster, sometimes presented in a trilogy (set of 3) | 38 | |
| 37701346 | Parthenon | built 447-432 BCE; a temple that is a classical example of greek architecture, located on athenian acropolis | 39 | |
| 37701347 | philosophy | "love of wisdom" deals wih critical or rational thought about the universe e | 40 | |
| 37701348 | sophists | 5th cent BCE; a group of philosophical teachers who rejected "normal philosophy" | 41 | |
| 37701349 | Socrates | 469-399 BCE; a famous philosopher, believed education improved individuals | 42 | |
| 37701350 | Plato | 429-347 BCE; great greek philosopher, socrates' disciple, wrote alot | 43 | |
| 37701351 | "The Republic" | Plato's dialogue which had his ideas of government | 44 | |
| 37701352 | Aristotle | 384-322 BCE; Plato's pupil and Alexander the Great's tutor | 45 | |
| 37701353 | skepticism | the philosophy of questioning a belief or concept | 46 | |
| 37701354 | Olympian religion | 12 gods lived on Mount Olympus, each polis singled out which of the Olympian gods they worshipped as the guardian deity | 47 | |
| 37701355 | Delphi | The place of the oracle of Apollo, located on Mount Parnassus | 48 |
