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Art of the Western World DSST Josh Flashcards

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6441929010Sculptures, Murals, and MosaicsThree most common types of Roman Art are?0
6441929011RomansLoved Greek sculptures and decided to create portrait sculptures1
6441929012Portrait SculpturesBased on realistic detail, not artistic expression. Used for revering the dead and honoring the living. These were sculptures of people as they are. At first many officials received these sculptures, but later it was just the great Roman's like caesar2
6441929013Narrative ReliefsArt of proclaiming ones victories3
6441929014Altar of PeaceCelebrated Augustus' Triumphs4
6441929015Arch of TitusCelebrating Emperor Titus' victories over Jerusalem5
6441929016Trajan's ColumnCelebrating Trajan's victories. Also an example of a narrative relief.6
6441929017Roman PaintingUse of illusion to create depth7
6441929018Roman MosaicMade of cubes of colored marble8
6441929019Jesus FishImportant early Christian Art Icon9
6441929020CatacombsChristians bury their dead and decorated with Frescoes10
6441929021Constantine legalized ChristianityArt was created above ground when11
6441929022ChristiansAvoided full size sculptures as they could be seen as idols12
6441929023Illuminated ManuscriptIllustrations to accompany a written text, usually incorporating gold leaf13
6441929024CodexA book14
6441929025Vienna GenesisOne of the first illuminated manuscripts. It was a illustrated bible15
6441929026GreeksAre known for their Pottery and Sculpture16
6441929027Greek SculpturesWere made from marble, a better material than their predecessors had17
6441929028Archaic SculptureWere stiff and seemed like egyptian styles. Greek sculptures tried to make the sculptures look more realistic18
6441929029KourosGreek Male youth Statues of the Archaic period. They stood very firm and were unnatural as they were Archaic19
6441929030RealismMaking sculptures look realistic20
6441929031IdealismHow people and animals would ideally look21
6441929032Baroque PaintingGiving as much detail to the lighting and the background, as you do to the men and women. Sought to engage the viewer. Used theatrical effects, replacing straight lines with curves and domes. Made landscape painting popular and acceptable.22
6441929033Baroque Themes1. De-Emphasis of the figure 2. A mastery of light and shadow 3. Realism in all things 4. New subjects, like landscape, still life, and self portrait. 5. Painting ceilings to give them depth, and show it extending to heaven.23
6441929034CaravaggioUsed Chiaroscuro and spot lighting which gave his paintings the impression of spontaneity. Was a famous Baroque who showed realism in all things. His Dutch equivalent is Rembrandt.24
6441929035ChiaroscuroStrong contrasts between light and dark in a painting to create drama.25
6441929036Claude LorraineShowing an idealistic figure of nature. "The money is for the landscape, the figures you can have for free". Famous Baroque renowned for his landscapes.26
6441929037RembrandtKnown for his etchings of landscapes. He sketched in his free time, many sketchings survived. He painted many self portraits of himself. His paintings were theatrical. The greatest Baroque painter from Holland, pulled all of the themes together in each painting.27
6441929038VelazquezFamous Baroque, but made very mundane works. Used neat effects like mirrors and self portrait. Well known for his "Las Meninas" in which he painted a self portrait (shown here), the King and Queen in a Mirror, and a 5 year old girl28
6441929039RubensAs likely to paint a mythological scene as a religious scene. He was known as a court painter. Known for the counter reformation. Made art exciting and engaging. Used Baroque style and painted religious paintings.29
6441929040PoussinShows shadows as a metaphor for death in ET in Arcadia.30
6441929041Greek GodsAre made in human form, so their sculptures of god's looked like men31
6441929042AcropolisIs an ancient citadel with multiple buildings on it, on top of a mountain in Athens32
6441929043ParthenonIs one of the buildings in the Acropolis, It's geometric shapes were later implemented across different cultures. Is of the Doric order and had a statue of Athena inside.33
6441929044Roman ArchitectureKnown for arches, Concrete, Trajan's column, and the Colosseum. Which was made of concrete and arches, brought people together to watch gladiators.34
6441929045PantheonThe greatest of Roman Architecture. The world's largest dome for over 1800 years35
6441929046Roman ArtMixed Christian scenes and pagan beliefs a lot36
6441929047ConstantineThe Romans are known for letting Christianity rise under?37
6441929048Romanesque11th and 12th centuries, there was a revival of art and development of churches. They tried to build Roman looking churches but, they transformed the Roman form with chapels, windows, stone vaults, and stone columns38
6441929049St.James Pilgrimage to SantiagoCould save your soul. So many churches popped up along its path.39
6441929050Vezelay, Autun, and SantiagoGreat churches of the Romanesque period40
6441929051GislebertusA sculptor of religious scenes on Romanesque churches, especially in Auton. He also sculpted Judas' suicide41
6441929052Saint BenedictBelieved in lives dedicated to labor42
6441929053Paray-Le-MonialWas a church in the shape of a cross. Known for its stone vaults, chapels, and Windows43
6441929054Durham CathedralA Norman cathedral. A Romanesque church with gothic elements44
6441929055Gothic StyleHas pointed arches, rib vaults, and flying buttresses45
6441929056Norman ArchitectureIs a type of Romanesque architecture46
6441929057Saint-Denis by SugerThis church was the birth of the gothic style. It removed the divisions between units leaving the church big and open. It had stained glass windows and placed jewels everywhere to compliment the light coming in through the stained glass windows47
6441929058Chartres CathedralIt was the most famous gothic church which held the relic the "Tunic of Mary". It also had glass stained windows which were of Mary48
6441929059ChurchesWere judged by the height of the cathedral and vaulting49
6441929060EnglandWas the first country to adopt the gothic style50
6441929061The Effects of Good GovernmentA Fresco painted by Lorenzetti first panoramic landscape on this scale in western art51
6441929062RenaissanceThe rebirth of learning and culture. Rediscovering of Roman and Greek culture, key figures were Michelangelo, Raphael, Donatello, and Leonardo. Focuses on the human form. Incredibly religious. 1400-1500. Notable in Italy, but happened in all of Europe. Florence is well known52
6441929063HumanismThe shift from God-centered to human-centered art53
6441929064GiottoInfluenced Raphael and Michelangelo54
6441929065BrunelleschiDiscovered "linear perspective" which gives 3d space to 2d art. Built the dome of the Florence Cathedral55
6441929066DonatelloStudied sculptures and made the first free standing bronze sculpture of David. He sculpted David as a boy killing Goliath. Sculpted with linear perspective to give a new illusion of depth.56
6441929067David by Donatello57
6441929068Leonardo Da VinciMona Lisa, Last Supper. Pioneered perspective and diagonal lines, to put the focus at christ's head. Used Sfumato, a technique in which the painting "Evaporates like smoke" this leaves no lines. Hence why the mona lisa is so smooth in places.58
6441929069MichelangeloCarved the famous pieta, Jesus's body on Mary's lap. Chiseled his name on Mary's sash, painted the Sistine chapel. Painted the Creation of Adam on the ceiling of the sistine chapel. In his later years he believed in Sculpting the human form instead of painting.59
6441929070RaphaelPainted rooms in the Vatican, also painted the School of Athens. A painting of many different philosophers of Athens with himself inside the picture60
6441929071MannerismPainting inside such a way that you give a visual tension to the work. Emphasizes dramatic light and motion. Purposefully distorted bodies and spacial relationships.61
6441929072TintorettoWas a mannerist. His work is characterized by its muscular figures, dramatic gestures, and bold use of perspective in the Mannerist style.62
6441929073Rococo(Late Baroque)Art of the Aristocracy. End of the Baroque period. Paris became the capital of culture. More playful and witty themes63
6441929074NeoclassicalLooked back at the classical era for inspiration of art. Finished painting's should be perfectly smooth. Many washington D.C. buildings are designed in the way of looking like old Greek and Roman buildings. Coincided with the age of enlightenment64
6441929075IngresA french neoclassical painter65
6441929076Hellenistic PeriodAdded more emotion to their sculptures. And started sculpting nude women66
6441929077Romanticism(Opposed Neoclassicism)18th century. About evoking emotion. Fear or joy. Captures human emotion67
6441929078GéricaultPainted the raft of the medusa. Was a Romanticist68
6441929079CourbetA realist, painted only actual participants of events and downplays their emotions. Father of Realism.69
6441929080ImpressionismHow color affects light. Mixing colors to let eyes decide the final look. They did not paint pictures to convey meaning. Made great atmospheres. Used Optical Mixing to but two colors next to each other. Was influenced by Leonardo from the renaissance. They built on his observation that a persons face and clothes appear green when walking through a sunlit field.70
6441929081MonetWas an Impressionist who was fixated with lighting - almost at a scientific level. Painted many landscapes, known for using Sunny hues and dissolving forms into light71
6441929082SunriseMonet painted this which gave Impressionism it's name72
6441929083PointillismApplying confetti-sized dots of pure, unmixed color over the whole canvas. The individual specs never merge so pictures can seem grainy. Seurat identifies with it.73
6441929084A Sunday Afternoon on the island of La Grande JatteA pointillist painting by Seurat74
6441929085SeuratWas identified with dot theory but he was also an impressionist75
6441929086ManetPainted contemporary scenes with hard edges, uses dark patches and outlining in black. Was a Realist and an Impressionist.76
6441929087Post-ImpressionismUsed Impressionist techniques but added passion and feelings into their paintings.77
6441929088Van GoghWas a post-impressionist used vibrant colors and was very extremist. Influenced by Japanese Art.78
6441929089Aesthetic MovementArt should be for it's artistic matter. Not for it's subject matter. James McNeil Whistler.79
6441929090Art NouveauUsed flowing curves to give more organic shapes. To show buildings as being formed by nature rather than man.80
6441929091SymbolismUsed visual art as a symbol for deeper meanings. The Scream (shown here) was a Symbolistic painting made by Edvard Munch. The Scream greatly influenced German expressionists.81
6441929092FauvismUsed color to defy reality. Pablo Picasso and Mattisse have roots in this..82
6441929093Pablo PicassoAn art prodigy trained in the academic style was influenced by African art and Cezanne. Was a fauvist who kept his planes splintered and 2D. Distorting his images lines and curves. Which started cubism.83
6441929094Les Demoiselles D'AvignonCubist painting by Picasso, distorting lines and splintered his planes84
6441929095DadaThe rebel artists. Defacing mona lisa and submitting urinals as art. Believed in art with no rules. Became known as Dadaism.85
6441929096SurrealismThe landscape of dreams. Drew weird images that could be scene in dreams such as melting pocket watches86
6441929097DaliWas a surrealist who created "The Persistence of Memory" an image of melting pocket watches. Used his "softness" and "hardness", which was central to his thinking at the time87
6441929098Rene MagritteWas a surrealist who created "The Son of Man" a picture of a man with an apple over his face. His art provided no answers.88
6441929099ExpressionismExpressing extreme emotions89
6441929100German ExpressionismPurely Abstract compositions using different colors to express different harmony's and states90
6441929101Abstract ExpressionismEmerged in America out of the Chaos of WWII. They would fling paint at the canvas to create art91
6441929102Wassily KandinskyA leader in the German Expressionist movement, he claimed he could see colors as music and vice versa.92
6441929103Jackson PollockA leading Abstract Expressionist, developed the technique of dripping paint onto a large canvas. Flinging paint to create art93
6441929104Pop Art2D art that POPPED, Andy Warhal made images from popular culture into art. Like a can of Campbells tomato soup. Made to satirize middle class values. Was a reference to popular culture.94
6441929105Op ArtOptical illusion art95
6441929106Georgia O'KeeffePainted Large Flowers and created pottery as art. Land art, art made in the land96
6441929107Contemporary ArtCurrent Art that uses Appropriation97
6441929108AppropriationTaking old pictures and giving it a new look or new meaning.98
6441929109Cindy ShermanDressed up as an actress and taking an identical picture from an old movie99
6441929110Bill ViolaRedid an old painting as a video100
6441929111BotticelliBeing an Italian painter of the early renaissance. He was known for painting nudes and the Birth of Venus painting. This painting depicts a nude goddess standing on a seashell with her hair being blown by the wind.101
6441929112Birth of VenusBy Botticelli102
6441929113Jan van EyckKnown for his use of "Oil painting", "The Arnolfini Wedding" (shown here), and "Man in a Red Turban" which was supposedly himself, he was also a Renaissance painter, but Northern. Was more focused on realism than Classicism.103
6441929114GoyaWas a lifelong rebel fitting no artistic category104
6441929115Third of May PaintingIt was in Goya's response to the slaughter of 5,000 Spanish civilians by Napoleon's french army. Represented humanity's dark and corrupt side105
6441929116Oath of the Horatii by DavidThis is a famous Neoclassicist piece in which Three Brothers swear to defeat their enemies or die for Rome. It symbolized the new mood of self-sacrifice instead of self-indulgence, and the death of Rococo and Birth of Neoclassical art.106
6441929117Bauhaus School of DesignCreated by Walter Gropius, it is known for constructing buildings out of simple glass boxes107
6441929118Helen FrankenthalerCreated soak stain painting108
6441929119DelacroixA defender of Romanticism, championed emotion and color. He was attracted to violence.109
6441929120Borromini's Facade of San CarlinoWas a building with distorted lines to make it seem as if the stories were curved. Baroque style.110
6441929121Frank Lloyd WrightMost famous architect, known for very strange buildings.111
6441929122PalladioA renaissance Architect known for his villas and palaces, also his arches and columns112
6441929123Pilgrimage on the Isle of CytheraWhich rococo painting by Antoine Watteau was very prominent113
6441929124AthensWas known as a place of worship114
6441929125MinimalismIs art after WWII that was minimalistic.115
6441929126FuturismTrying to display movement through fractured Cubist planes and bright Fauve colors116
6441929127Titian's Assunta (Assumption of the Virgin)Is about Mary's acceptance into heaven117
6441929128VermeerWas a Baroque master who was considered the "Master of Light" and honored women in his paintings. This is one of his pieces.118
6441929129Art VernacularArt created by untrained artists who do not consider themselves artists119
6441929130Site-specific artIs art designed to exist in a specific place120
6441929131ContrappostoWeight shift. The weight of the body rested on one leg, with the body aligned accordingly.121
6441929132DivisionismThe separation of colors into different patches that interacted optically122
6441929133Albrecht DurerCombined the renaissance and realism, he was fascinated with nature and referred to as the "Leonardo of the North".123
6441929134Byzantine IconoclasmConstituted a ban on religious icons and images by Emperor Leo III.124
6441929135Stele of Hammurabi125
6441929136RealismIs the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements. Its chief exponents were Courbet, Millet, Daumier, and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot.126
6441929137Die Brücke "the bridge"A group of German expressionist artists formed in Dresden in 1905, after which the Brücke Museum in Berlin was named. Founding members were Bleyl, Heckel, Kirchner and Schmidt-Rottluff. Was the Germans way to link/connect past and present art. (20th century)127
6441929138Da VinciBecame the most prominent practitioner of sfumato - his famous painting of the Mona Lisa exhibits the technique. He described sfumato as "without lines or borders, in the manner of smoke or beyond the focus plane"128
6441929139Sistine ChapelShowed the Creation, Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, and the Great Flood.129
6441929140Vietnam MemorialLocated in Washington D.C. It shows the sadness of war. Designed by Maya Lin.130
6441929141Andy Goldsworthy's Pebbles Broken and ScrapedRomanticism Artist. He would try to copy and replicate. Mostly site specific art.131
6441929142Margaret KeaneAn American artist. Creator of the "big eyed waifs", which feature children with large eyes. Is famous for drawing paintings with big eyes and mainly paints women, children, and animals in oil or mixed media.132
6441929143Cylinder SealTypically about one inch in length, engraved with written characters or figurative scenes or both, used in ancient times to roll an impression onto a two-dimensional surface, generally wet clay. Were invented around 3500 BC in the Near East, at the contemporary sites of Susa in south-western Iran and Uruk in southern Mesopotamia.133
6441929144MastabaMeans tomb134
6441929145History PainterRubens is known as a135
6441929146VedutaIs a highly detailed, usually large-scale painting or, actually more often print, of a cityscape or some other vista. Paul Bril136
6441929147RothkoWas an American painter of Russian Jewish descent. He is generally identified as an Abstract Expressionist. One of most famous post war American artists. Known for color field paintings as well.137
6441929148The Embarkation of the Queen of ShebaBy Lorraine138
6441929149Melencolia IAn engraving by Albrecht Dürer.139
6441929150CaryatidSupporting column, sculpted as a woman.140
6441929151Las MinenasPainting by Velazquez141
6441929152VasariFather of Mannerism142
6441929153MasaccioWas one of the first to use linear perspective in his painting, employing techniques such as vanishing point in art for the first time. Learned from Brunelleschi. One of his best-known paintings is this fresco, Holy Trinity (1427)143
6441929154CezannePost-Impressionist artist. Reduced images to a geometric form and influenced future artists of Modernism, Fauvism and Cubism144
6441929155Gustave KlimtAustrian painter and one of the founders of the Viennese Secession, or Art Nouveau, movement. His work is characterized by a use of jewel-like and gold colors, and eroticism145
6441929156VerrocchioPainter, sculptor, and goldsmith. Tutored Da Vinci.146
6441929157Venus of WillendorfOne of the earliest known sculptures of a human. The sculpture is of stone and depicts an obese woman, believed to represent a fertility goddess147
6441929158Bridget RileyAn English painter who is one of the foremost exponents of Op art. Created Movement in Squares148
6441929159They didn't want to degrade/contradict/or undermine the new testamentsWhy did Christians keep old testaments in Roman catacombs?149
6441929160Avant-gardeAre people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly with respect to art, culture, and politics.150
6441929161MilletA realist artist. This is an example called the Sower151
6441929162BerniniAn Italian sculptor and architect. He created the Baroque style, a style which is characterized by showing movement and emotion152
6441929163PoussinBased his paintings on ancient Roman myths, history, and Greek sculpture. Inspired Neoclassical artists David and Ingres.153
6441929164Old Kingdom, Fourth DynastyWhen were most of the pyramids built? (Cheops/khufu)154
6441929165RenoirA French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style. Works include at Le Moulin de la Galette(shown here) and The Swing155
6441929166AkhenatenHe is especially noted for abandoning traditional Egyptian polytheism and introducing worship centered on the Aten. Made art streamlined and thin.156
6441944677What is the main reason that modern humans know as much as they do about Roman art and civilization?Mount Vesuvius erupted, it preserved a good portion of the local art and civilization.157
6441952174Whose famous Renaissance masterpieces include the paintings on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?Michelangelo158
6441955905What is the correct date for the construction of the dome of the Florence Cathedral?1420-1436.159
6441959013What is the term for enamelwork in which colored areas are separated by thin bands of metal, usually bronze or gold?Cloissonnée160
6441962914When were the Royal Portals at Chartres designed and built?1145-1155.161
6441966284The Swing, by Jean-Honoré Fragonard is from which period?Rococo162
6441970472What unique variation of Gothic architecture did the English develop in the mid 1300s, in which enormous window spaces were combined with elaborate decorative patterns of stone tracery?Perpendicular Gothic163
6441975930When did Joseph Paxton build The Crystal Palace in London?1850-1851164
6441978316Which of the following is a theme in still life paintings that stresses the folly of human vanity and how short human life truly is?Vanitas165
6441980860In Greek art, what was the amphora most likely used for?A portable vessel to hold oil, water, or wine166
6441983242In which of the following modern movements are digital and video art very common?Postmodern Art167
6441985602Where was Minoan culture centered?On Crete168
6441991186In which Romanesque cathedral were rib vaults first used?Durham Cathedral169
6441993389Which of the following sculptors designed two sets of doors for the Florence Baptistery?Lorenzo Ghiberti170
6441996474What Roman temple, situated in Nîmes, France, was used as the model for Jefferson's State Capitol in Richmond, Virginia?Maison Carrée171
6441999291Who painted the immensely-famous Birth of Venus in which Venus emerges fully grown from the sea?Sandro Botticelli172
6442001799Which of the following is the single most significant invention in the development of the contemporary skyscraper?The elevator173
6442004969Of the following modern photographers, which one promoted photography as a legitimate art form that was equal to painting when he or she hung photographs in a contemporary art galleryAlfred Stieglitz174
6442010577Tiepolo's shunning of straight lines and frames for curved and rounded forms was an innovation of which painting style?Rococo175
6442013843Whose beautiful landscape paintings typified the idea of a divinely-sanctioned Manifest Destiny?Frederick Edwin Church and Thomas Cole176
6442017449Who painted the major fifteenth-century Italian painting Adoration of the Magi?Gentile da Fabriano177
6442022825Paul Gauguin was greatly influenced by non-Western art. In particular, he was greatly affected by objects from where?Oceania178
6442024955Who specialized in fête galante paintingsJean-Antoine Watteau179
6442034682Which Baroque artist was well-known for his paintings of extremely voluptuous full-figured women?Peter Paul Rubens180
6442036571Whose accomplishments are beautifully chronicled in the Bayeux Tapestry?William the Conqueror181
6442042896Which theory, popularized by August Comte, expresses that all knowledge must come from proven ideas based on scientific theory?Positivism182
6442046344Stonehenge is usually discussed as a ring of ____________, originally all united by ___________.Megaliths, lintels183
6442048403Which major Feminist artist created a collection of photographs called Untitled Film Stills that imitate the way in which women have been stereotypically depicted in film?Cindy Sherman184
6442054058What was the impluvium?Where Romans gathered rainwater in their homes185
6442061388In a Greek temple, ________ project over the tops of columns and a(n) ________ separates the upper and lower parts of the temple.Pediments, cornice186
6442067287In a Greek temple, what is the name for the main room where the god is housed?Cella187
6442067288What art style, popular in the early twentieth-century, is typified by works such as Mondrian's Composition in Black and White and Red and Rietveld's Schröder House?DeStijl188
6442077187Why was the Royal Crescent built?So the residents could partake of nearby waterways to rebuild their health189
6442081090Jacques-Louis David is generally considered to be a Neoclassical artist, though his artwork continues to be at least partially inspired by non-classical artists, such as:Carvaggio190
6442084305What is a rounded sculpture that was placed over the portal of a medieval church?- Tympanum191
6442086872Where was the statue Nike of Samothrace originally positioned?On a fountain192
6442091018Which royal built the famous Palace of Versailles, where they required the nobility to reside for a portion of the year?Louis XIV193
6442097564In whose court did Holbein work?Henry VIII194
6442100407What is the correct term for an altarpiece in which the Madonna and Child are joined by saints and with them, are engaged in a "holy conversation"Sacra conversazione195
6442106402Which of the following great pieces of Byzantine structure was commissioned by Ivan the Terrible?Saint Basil's Cathedral196
6442188141What is a type of composition that is made by rubbing a pencil or a crayon over paper placed over a surface that has a raised design?Frottage197
6442192773Q - Who are the two main figures depicted on this Greek amphora?Ajax and Achilles198
6442197195What is the main purpose of the Casa Mila, designed by Antonio Gaudí?is an apartment building199
6442844427What is "black figure technique"?A technique of vase painting in which a colored slip (dilute clay) is applied to the body of the vase; details are scratched through the slip, revealing the vase's color. When fired, the slip figures are black and the body colore of the vase is red.200
6442848701What is "canon of proportion"?A system of constructing the human body with perfect proportions based on a mathematical uit, such as the height of the head.201
6442855951What is a "conceptual figure"?A way of drawing the human figure so that all of its parts are shown as clearly as possible. The head & feet are in profile, but the shoulders and eyes are shown frontally.202
6442858820What is the "Corinthian order"?The tallest and most graceful order, columns have capitals encircled with two rows af acanthus leaves.203
6442861260What is the "Doric order"?The eimplest order, with heavy proportions and cushionlike capitals.204
6442867153What is an entablataure?the horizontal beam atop a row of columns; it is divided into the frieze above and the architrave below.205
6442873509What is a kore?Clothed, often painted statue of a young woman, usually representing an attendant to a god. She has a stiff pose and an Archaic smile.206
6442876346What is the Ionic order?A Greek order with columns that are taller and more elegant in proportion than those of the Doric order; the capitals have volutes, (scrolls)207
6442880536What is foreshortening?A way of drawing a form so that it appears to extend foward in space. For example, a painting that shows a person reaching toward the viewer would use foreshortening.208
6442883864What is an entasis?The manner in which a column swells in the middle and tapers upward.209
6442893142What is a pediment?The triangular gable below the roof of a temple facade.210

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