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| 28925605 | Halobacterium | single cell prokaryote in domain, in saline environments such as the Dead Sea or salt flats | |
| 28925606 | bacteriorhodopsin | uses light energy to drive ATP synthesis | |
| 28925607 | pepidoglycan | network of modified-sugar polymers crosslinked by short polypeptides | |
| 28925608 | Gram stain | stain used to distinguish bacteria by structural difference in cell wall | |
| 28925609 | Gram-positive | bacteria have simpler walls with a relatively large amount of peptidoglycan | |
| 28925859 | Gram-negative | bacteria has less peptidoglycan and are structurally more complex, with an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides | |
| 28925860 | capsule | sticky layer of polysaccaride or protein | |
| 28925861 | fimbriae | hair-like protein appendages | |
| 28925862 | sex pili | appendages that pull 2 cells together prior to DNA transfer from one cell to the other | |
| 28925863 | flagella | structure that aids movement | |
| 28925864 | taxis | movement towards or away from a stimulus | |
| 28925865 | nucleoid region | region of cytoplasm that appears lighter than the surrounding cytoplasm in electron micrograph | |
| 28925866 | plasmid | small rings of separately replicating DNA | |
| 28925867 | endospore | resistant cell created to withstand severe environments | |
| 28925868 | transformation | genotype and phenotype altered by uptake of foregin DNA from its surroundings | |
| 28925869 | transduction | process of transfering genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage | |
| 28926159 | conjugation | genetic material is transferred b/w 2 bacterial cells (same or different species) that are temporarily joined | |
| 28926160 | F factor | a piece of DNA that confers the ability form a sex pili | |
| 28926161 | F plasmid | The plasmid form of the F factor. | |
| 28926162 | R plasmid | a type of plasmid that contains a gene for antibiotic resistance | |
| 28926163 | obligate aerobes | Require 02 (oxygen) for cellular respiration | |
| 28926164 | obligate anaerobes | cannot live in environments with oxygen | |
| 28926165 | anaerobic respiration | substances other than O2 (NO3- nitrate ion or , SO4 2- sulfate ion) accept electrons at the downhill end of electron transport chains | |
| 28926552 | facultative anaerobes | Will use 02 if present but will also grow by fermentation in an anaerobic environment. | |
| 28926553 | nitrogen fixation | process of converting nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3) | |
| 28926554 | heterocytes | carrys out only nitrogen fixation | |
| 28926555 | biofilms | a surface coating colony of prokaryotic that engage in metabolic cooperation | |
| 28926556 | extremophiles | "extreme lovers" organisms that can survive in extreme environments, includes halophiles and thermophiles | |
| 28926681 | extreme halophiles | "Salt lovers" Live in high concentration of salts like Dead Sea | |
| 28926682 | extreme thermophiles | "heat lovers" Microorganisms that thrive in hot environments (often 60-80 degrees C). | |
| 28926683 | methanogens | group of archaea that are capable of producing methane from the decomposition of organic material (CO2 to oxidize H2, realese methane as waste) | |
| 28926684 | decomposers | break down wastes and remains of other organisms | |
| 28926685 | symbiosis | "living together" A close relationship between two species where at least one benefits | |
| 28926917 | host | larger organism in a symbiosis relationship | |
| 28926918 | symbiont | smaller organism in a symbiosis relationship | |
| 28926919 | mutualism | ecological interaction b/w 2 species in which both benefit | |
| 28926920 | commensalism | a close relationship; one species benefits, the other doesn't benefit but isn't harmed | |
| 28926921 | parasitism | a close relationship; one species benefits, the other is harmed | |
| 28926922 | parasite | An organism that takes nourishment from and exists at the expense of its host | |
| 28926923 | pathogen | parasite that cause disease | |
| 28926924 | exotoxins | are proteins secreted by organisms into the environment that damages host cells. | |
| 28926925 | endotoxins | lipopolysaccharide components of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, release only when bacteria dies and cell wall breaks down | |
| 28926926 | bioremediation | the use of bacteria to change pollutants into harmless chemicals |
