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| 5738519976 | Humans have existed for ___. Human civilization has existed for ___. The time before this was called ___. | 200,000 years; 5,000-6,000 years; prehistory | 0 | |
| 5738519977 | Humans originated in ___. The Americas were populated via an ___, which then disappeared. They soon came in contact with Europeans again in ___. | Africa; Asian land bridge; 1492 | 1 | |
| 5738519978 | Factors that Help Advanced Society Develop | •Non-extreme climate •Fertile land, preferably flat •Reliable water source •Topography that enabled movement •Access to a water body •Natural resources •Proximity to trade routes | 2 | |
| 5738519979 | The ___ proposes Homo sapiens arose in East Africa and then migrated outward. An ___ theory called the ___, proposes humans arose independently in various places. | "Out of Africa" thesis; unpopular; multiregional thesis | 3 | |
| 5738519980 | Peopling of the Earth Stages | 1) 100,000 Years Ago - Africa to the Middle East 2) 70,000 Years Ago - Reached India and SE Asia 3) 50,000 Years Ago - Crossed into Australia/Oceania 4) 40,000 Years Ago - Reached Europe, Central Asia, & Siberia 5) 15,000 Years Ago - Reached the Americas | 4 | |
| 5738519981 | It took people longer to reach Europe and Northern Asia because of ___ that lasted until ___ years ago. | ice ages; 12,000 | 5 | |
| 5738519982 | Humans reached the Americas via the ___. Humans generally populated the entire world by ___, the time the ___ occurred. | Bering land bridge; 8000 BCE; Neolithic Revolution | 6 | |
| 5738519983 | The ___ lasted until 5,000 years ago. The first period was the ___. Around 8000 BCE the ___ began. | Stone Age; Paleolithic Era; Neolithic Era | 7 | |
| 5738519984 | Paleolithic peoples relied upon ___. They developed ___ to assist them in survival. ___ was a very versatile resource as well. ___ became common during the late Paleolithic. | hunting and foraging; tools; Fire; Pottery | 8 | |
| 5738519985 | Social structure during the Paleolithic Era was based on ___. They were mostly ___. They lacked much ___ or ___. | kinship groups; nomadic; hierarchy; socioeconomic classes | 9 | |
| 5738519986 | Most Paleolithic peoples adhered to ___, a belief in the natural world animated by spirits. Religious leaders called ___ appeared who spoke to spirits and healed the sick. | animism; shamans | 10 | |
| 5738519987 | The Paleolithic Era introduced the ___ between men and women. Men were responsible for: ___. Women were responsible for: ___. | gender division of labor; hunting, fighting, and heavy labor; gathering plants, preparing food, and looking after the home/children | 11 | |
| 5738519988 | The Neolithic Revolution occurred ___, and introduced the ___. This resulted in greater ___. | 12,000 years ago; domestication of plants/animals; population growth. | 12 | |
| 5738519989 | Groups that domesticated animals but not plants developed ___. They were most common in the ___. They experienced some ___, but not like agricultural societies. | pastoralist or herding societies; grassland regions of Afro-Eurasia; social stratification | 13 | |
| 5738519990 | Pastoralists were nomadic and often expert ___. Many invented ____ pulled by herd animals. They played a critical role in the cultural diffusion of the ___. | horseback riders; wheeled vehicles; chariot, compound bow & arrow, and iron weapons | 14 | |
| 5738519991 | Pastoralists often negatively affected the ___. They caused ___ of species, and the overgrazing of grasslands led to ___. | environment; artificial selection; erosion & desertification | 15 | |
| 5738519992 | Agricultural Hearths | •E Asia - Millet, soybeans •SE Asia - Bananas, rice, yams •Middle East - Wheat, barley, beans •West Africa - Yams •Mesoamerica - Maize, beans •Andes - Beans, potatoes | 16 | |
| 5738519993 | ___ played a vital role in the transition to agriculture. Agriculture's greatest advantage was ___. It resulted in a more ___ lifestyle. People gathered in larger communities, and the concept of ___ developed. | Women; dependable food; sedentary; private property | 17 | |
| 5738519994 | Agriculture created food surplus, which encouraged the ___. This resulted in more ___, with ___ being the norm. | specialization of labor; social stratification; patriarchy | 18 | |
| 5738519995 | Agriculture had more environmental impact than hunting/gathering and pastoralism. The ___ of species resulted in unfair competition, and practices such as___ increased human's ecological footprint. | artificial selection; forest clearing & irrigation | 19 | |
| 5738519996 | The first cities date back to ___, and include ___ on the Jordan River and ___ in Turkey. The wheel was invented in the ___, greatly aiding transportation. | 8000-7000 BCE; Jericho; Çatal Hüyük; 3000s | 20 | |
| 5738519997 | During the Neolithic Era, tools likes ___ increased agricultural efficiency. Metallurgy began in the ___ between 4000-3000 BCE. This eventually gave way to the ___. | hoes & plows; Middle East & China; Bronze Age (3500-1200 BCE) | 21 | |
| 5738519998 | Ancient societies relied upon ___ to share information. But civilization developed writing. The earliest example was ___ in 3500-3000 BCE. Few cultures survived without, notably the ____. | oral traditions; Sumerian cuneiform; Inca | 22 | |
| 5738519999 | Elements of Civilization | •Economic system •Government •Social system •Moral/ethical belief system •Intellectual tradition •Technological aptitude | 23 | |
| 5738520000 | Mesopotamia arose between the ___. The first civilization arose in 3500 BCE with the ___. Other groups came to power such as: | Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (Fertile Crescent); Sumerians; Akkadians, Babylonians, & Assyrians | 24 | |
| 5738520001 | Mesopotamia was not always centralized, and often had ___. They built cities like Babylon, ruled by ___. The first empire arose out of Akkadian conqueror ___. | city-states; kinglike figures with a priest class; Sargon | 25 | |
| 5738520002 | Sumerian culture was recorded with ___. A famous ancient poem is ___. They pioneered law code with ___. | cuneiform; Gilgamesh's Epic; Hammurabi's Law Code | 26 | |
| 5738520003 | The Mesopotamians honored their polytheistic gods with temples called ___. They invented the ___. They traded as far as the ___. | ziggurats; base-60 number system; Indus River Valley | 27 | |
| 5738520004 | During the 1300s-1200s BCE, the ___ came to rule over Mesopotamia. They were adept at ___ and were the first to use ___. Later, the ___ conquered large parts of the Middle East and Egypt, forming a large empire. | Hittites; chariot warfare; iron weapons; Assyrians | 28 | |
| 5738520005 | Egypt developed near the ___. Basic social features appeared during its ___ period. Civil War then resulted in its ___. | Nile River; Old Kingdom; First Intermediate Period | 29 | |
| 5738520006 | Egypt entered the ___ in 2040 BCE. The ___, armed with ___ then ushered in the Second Intermediate Period. | Middle Kingdom; Hyksos; chariots & compound bows | 30 | |
| 5738520007 | Egypt's final period was its ___. It formed a large empire, conquering the Middle East and southern ___. It eventually collapsed due to ___. | New Kingdom; Nubian civilization; internal disorder & foreign invasions | 31 | |
| 5738520008 | Egyptian society revolved around the ___, thought to be an incarnation of the ___. Egyptian-Nubian trade gave Egypt access to more goods, but was often ___. | pharaoh; sun god (Ra); violent | 32 | |
| 5738520009 | Egyptian women had more rights than in ___. They could ___. One even rose to become pharaoh, ___. | Mesopotamia; manage finances, divorce husbands, own businesses/property; Hatshepsut | 33 | |
| 5738520010 | Egypt's followed a polytheistic religion revolving around the sun god, ___. Their religious text was the ___. They developed ___ to show respect for the afterlife. | Ra; Egyptian Book of the Dead; mummification & pyramids | 34 | |
| 5738520011 | Egyptians had a writing system known as ___. They wrote on ___. They also invented the ___. | hieroglyphs; papyrus; 365-day calendar | 35 | |
| 5738520012 | The Indus River Valley civilization developed in ___. Their written language has yet to be ___. They left behind little ___, and only few sculptures survived. They were heavily ___. | NW India; deciphered; pictorial art; urbanized | 36 | |
| 5738520013 | The Indus River Valley Civilization relied upon the Indus River, which regularly flooded with ___. Their largest cities were ___. | silt; Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa | 37 | |
| 5738520014 | Almost all Indus River cities had an identical layout. Streets were laid out in ___. Many cities had large ___ and ___, suggesting they were prosperous. | straight grids; baths; sewage systems | 38 | |
| 5738520015 | The Indus River Valley Civilization was originally thought to have ended through ___. However, most scholars now think they died due to environmental factors, such as ___. | Aryan invasions; drought | 39 | |
| 5738520016 | Early China relied upon the ___. Western China was a ___, so the rivers of the East were vital to their survival. | Huang He (Yellow River); desert | 40 | |
| 5738520017 | Legend suggests the first Chinese dynasty was the ___. The first historically-verified dynasty was the ___ however. They were led by ___. | Xia; Shang dynasty; warrior aristocracy | 41 | |
| 5738520018 | Shang armies expanded via ___, and fought invading barbarians. They traded extensively, as far as the ___. Their principal commodities were ___. | chariots; Middle East; jade & silk | 42 | |
| 5738520019 | The Chinese writing system used ___. The Shang dynasty established fortune-telling, ___, and ___. They viewed themselves as the center of the world, creating the notion of a "___". | pictographs; divination; ancestor veneration; Middle Kingdom | 43 | |
| 5738520020 | China's second dynasty was the ___, founded in the 1000s BCE. They began to rely on ___, where a monarchy ruled over decentralized political units. They preserved Shang traditions, but also introduced ___. They began to focus on ___, and most notably created the ___. | Zhou; feudalism; iron weapons; bureaucracy; Mandate of Heaven | 44 | |
| 5738520021 | After the Zhou Dynasty's collapse, China's "___" period began. | Warring States | 45 | |
| 5738520022 | The Olmecs emerged in ___ in 1400-1200 BCE. They were considered to be a "___" of the region. | Mesoamerica; mother civilization | 46 | |
| 5738520023 | The Olmecs arose without a ___. Their written language is a ___ as well. They are famous for their ___. They loved ___ and also passed on polytheistic deities like the ___. They may have also practiced ___, like later peoples. | river system; mystery; huge stone heads; astronomy; jaguar god; human sacrifice | 47 | |
| 5738520024 | The first Andean city was likely ___, in central Peru. Most believe ___ originated in the Andes and then diffused upward. The most important domesticated animal was the ___. The Andes had no writing system, however ___ did originate here. | Caral; metallurgy; llama; quipu | 48 | |
| 5738520025 | The ___ originated in the Andes in 1000 BCE. It was centered on the city of ___. It was a major polytheistic religious movement. They are well known for their ___. | Chavín; Chavín de Huántar; textiles | 49 | |
| 5738520026 | Nubia developed ___ and was a notable trade partner. The Hebrews emerged in the Middle East, with a homeland in ___. They developed the first major monotheistic religion, ___. | south of Egypt; Israel; Judaism | 50 | |
| 5738520027 | In the Mediterranean, the ___ developed on the island of Crete. They influenced the Greeks, but the ___ were more direct ancestors. They fought the real ___ immortalized in ___. | Minoans; Mycenaeans; Trojan War; Homeric epics | 51 | |
| 5738520028 | The Phoenicians developed in the Mediterranean around 1550 BCE. Their home cities were ___. They harvested cedar and made a famous ___. They invented an ___. | Syria & Lebanon; purple dye; alphabet | 52 | |
| 5738520029 | The Indo-Europeans were ___, that spread throughout Eurasia from Central Asia. The ___ played a large role in India's prehistory. The Bantu herders migrated from the ___ to sub-Saharan Africa. | migrating pastoralists; Aryans; Niger river basin | 53 | |
| 5738520030 | The most common form of government in ancient history was the ___. Most governed with an elite class called the ___. An ___ was a few elites ruling over a group of people. A ___ ruled over people through religious elite. | monarchy; aristocracy; oligarchy; theocracy | 54 | |
| 5738520031 | Slavery was widespread in the ancient world. ___ put people to work for owners they owed money to. ___ had peasants labor on their owners' land. ___ was also used as a punishment. | Debt slavery & indentured servitude; Serfdom; Prison labor | 55 | |
| 5738520032 | Ancient art often served a political purpose, such as how ___ demonstrates power. The Phoenician alphabet was the forerunner of the ___, which influenced Hebrew and Arabic. | monumental architecture; Aramaic script | 56 | |
| 5738520033 | India had the ___, a collection of Vedic hymns composed in ___. This was a scripture within ___, a precursor to Hinduism. | Rig Veda; Sanskrit; Vedism | 57 | |
| 5738520034 | Vedism created a ___, with a hierarchical social structure: ___. It taught all creatures had a soul that yearned to be united with the world soul, ___. | caste system; brahmins (priest-scholars), warriors/rulers, traders/peasants, servants; Brahman | 58 | |
| 5738520035 | The Hebrews entered into a covenant as the chosen people of the god ___. It developed into Judaism, the first ___. The Hebrews migrated to Egypt around 1700 BCE, were enslaved and then escaped under ___. This exodus is celebrated during their ___. | Jehovah; monotheistic religion; Moses; Passover holiday | 59 | |
| 5738520036 | Moses led the Hebrews to ___. There he gave them the ___ and the ___, the first five books of the ___, or Hebrew scripture. | Canaan (Israel); Ten Commandments; Torah; Tanakh | 60 | |
| 5738520037 | The Hebrew kingdom was at its height under ___. They established a capital at ___ and built the ___ there. After Solomon's death, the kingdom dissolved. | David and his son Solomon; Jerusalem; First Temple | 61 | |
| 5738520038 | Zoroaster founded ___ between 1700 to 500 BCE (unknown). Their scripture, the ___, was compiled over many centuries. It emerged as an official faith in ___ by the 500s BCE after ___ adopted it to justify his rule. | Zoroastrianism; Avesta; Persia; Darius the Great | 62 | |
| 5738520039 | Zoroastrianism was monotheistic, venerating ___. The good deeds of his followers were supposed to help him in his fight against the evil spirit of chaos, ___. It had core values, such as a ___, which found itself in Judaic and Christian doctrines. | Ahura Mazda; Angra Mainyu; Judgement Day | 63 |
