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Before History Flashcards

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535970801Lucyfound in 1974 in Ethiopia, was an Australopithecus, lived 5.2 million years ago, 2-3 feet tall, was a biped0
535970802Australopithecusmeans "southern ape," is a hominid that knuckled walked but could walk on two legs, lived in savannas, and had limited intelligence, lived 5.2 million years ago1
535970803Homo erectusmeans "upright-walking human," lived 2 million years ago- 200,000 years ago, learned how to make fires to use for defense cooking and warmth, planned hunting trips, and manipulated the natural environment2
535970804Homo sapiensmeans "consciously thinking human," intelligent, dominated environment, lived 200,000 years ago- 100,000 years ago, developed more sophisticated tools3
535970805Paleolithic"old stone age," started from the evolution of hominids to when Homo sapiens learned agriculture, humans hunted and gathered4
535970806Paleolithic social classes and gender rolesEGALITARIAN people and genders were equal because they didn't carry possessions and everyone contributed to the community5
535970807Homo neandertalensislived 40,000-35,000 years ago, had burial ceremonies, less intelligent than homo sapiens6
535970808Venus figurinescave painting named after Venus the Roman goddess of love, showed interest in fertility7
535970809Neolithic era"new stone age," 12,000 years ago-6,000 years ago, was the beginning of agriculture8
535970810agriculture revolutionwomen started to cultivate plants and men started to domesticate animals instead of killing them9
535970811slash and burn agriculture techniquefarmers would slash trees in the bark then burn them to the ground leaving fertile soil ( after a few years the ground would lose its fertility and the farmers would have to move)10
535970812earliest know civilization was...Jericho, located North of the Dead Sea in modern day Israel, farmed, and traded salt and obsidian11
535970813Three early craft industriespottery- created pots to store food, metallurgy- copper hammered into jewelry and tools, textile industry- learned how to weave cloth and spin thread12
535970814Social classes of Neolithic erapeople started to own private property and obtain wealth so classes emerged13
535970815Neolithic religionfocused on fertility, had gods and goddesses which were depicted on pots, believed physical death was not the end14
535970816Two reasons cities differed from towns and villagescities were larger and more complex and cities served a region instead serving only its citizens like towns and villages15
535970817first cities started...in modern day Iraq near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers16
536799478Out of Africa theoryHomo erectus evolved into Homo sapiens in Africa and then spread17
536799479Mulit-Regional theoryHomo erectus evolved into Homo sapiens simultaneously in different regions at the same time18
536872226HominidsA creature belonging to the family Hominidae19
536872227Ardia knuckle walker who could walk on two feet, discovered 1994-1997 in an Afar rift in Ethiopia, lived 4.4 million years ago, was an omnivore20
536872228Natufiansprominent paleolithic settlement, in eastern Mediterranean, collected wild wheat and took animals from antelope herds21
536872229Jomonprominent paleolithic settlement, in central Japan, harvested wild buckwheat and fished22
536872230Chinookprominent paleolithic settlement, in the Pacific northwest region of North America, flourished because of wild berries, acorns, and massive salmon rums in local rivers23
536872231Lascauxbest known cave paintings; in France24
536872232Catal Huyukprominent village because of its location near obsidian deposits25
536872233Calendars and life cyclespeople observed when the best times were to plant and harvest crops and they developed a calendar based on weather26
536890187Maslows hierarchy of needsphysiological (food, water), safety (shelter), love belonging (friendship, soulmate), esteem (happiness), self-actulization27

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