Chapters 1-3
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| All environments on Earth that support life. | ||
| All organisms living and non-living in a particular area. | ||
| All organisms inhabiting a specific ecosystem. | ||
| All individuals of a species living in a specified area. | ||
| Any living thing. | ||
| Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function. | ||
| Several different types of tissues that function together for a specific purpose. | ||
| Group of cells. | ||
| The basic unit of a living organism. | ||
| Sub-cellular structures. i.e: filaments, nucleus. | ||
| Smallest unit of matter. | ||
| New properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases. | ||
| The process of an individual organism growing organically. | ||
| Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya | ||
| Archaea + Bacteria | ||
| Unicellular. No nucleus. | ||
| Live in extreme environments. | ||
| Cells that do not have a nucleus or organelles. | ||
| Cells that have a nucleus. i.e: Protists, fungi, animals, plants. | ||
| Photosynthetic organisms that provide food for a typical ecosystem. | ||
| Consumers of the ecosystem eat plants and other animals. | ||
| An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems. | ||
| Deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics. | ||
| A gene is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism. | ||
| atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem | ||
| Kingdoms of life can be organized into 3 overarching groups: Doman Archaea, Doman Eukarya, Domain Bacteria | ||
| Species living today are descendants of ancestral species. | ||
| The idea that those best adapted to their environment will survive and reproduce. | ||
| Scientific inquiry that focuses on describing nature. | ||
| Uses data from Discovery science to explain science. | ||
| A proposed explanation for a set of observations. | ||
| A well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations. | ||
| An experiment where all but one variable are kept constant. | ||
| The variable being changed/manipulated. | ||
| Anything that occupies space and has mass. | ||
| A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means. | ||
| A substance consisting of 2 or more elements combined. (H2O, CO2, NaCL) | ||
| Subatomic Particle. Single positive electric charge. | ||
| Subatomic Particle. Single negative electric charge. | ||
| Subatomic Particle. No electric charge. | ||
| An atom's central core containing protons and neutrons. | ||
| Number of protons in an element. | ||
| Sum of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. | ||
| Approx. equal to its mass number. Sum of protons and neutrons. | ||
| Have the same number of Protons and Electrons but different number of Neutrons. | ||
| Nucleus decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy. | ||
| The distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom. | ||
| Attraction, sharing or transfer of outer shell electrons from one atom to another. | ||
| When Electrons are transferred. | ||
| When Electrons are shared. | ||
| Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. | ||
| A compound that consists of positive and negative ions. Metal/Nonmetal. | ||
| Sharing of electrons. Non-metal/Non-metal. | ||
| When two atoms share two pairs of electrons. | ||
| An atoms attraction for shared electrons. | ||
| Electrons are shared equally. | ||
| Uneven sharing of electrons. | ||
| A molecule containing polar covalent bonds. | ||
| A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule. | ||
| The binding together of like molecules. | ||
| Attraction between unlike molecules. | ||
| A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. | ||
| Amount of energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules in a body of matter. | ||
| Measures the intensity of heat. | ||
| A liquid consisting of a uniform mixture of two or more substances. | ||
| The dissolving agent in a solution. | ||
| A substance that is dissolved in a solution. | ||
| One in which water is the solvent. | ||
| A compound that donates hydrogen ions to solutions. | ||
| A compound that accepts and removes hydrogen ions and removes them from a solution. | ||
| potential of Hydrogen. Measures how acidic or basic a solution is. 0= most acidic, 14= most basic. | ||
| Substances that minimize changes in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to solutions. | ||
| Refers to rain, snow, or fog with a pH lower than 5.6. | ||
| The making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter. | ||
| The starting material in a chemical reaction. | ||
| The ending material in a chemical reaction. | ||
| Carbon-based molecules. | ||
| Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. | ||
| The chain of Carbon atoms in an organic molecule. | ||
| Compounds with the same formula but different structures. | ||
| A very large molecule consisting of many smaller structural units linked together. | ||
| Long molecule consisting of many identical or similar building blocks strung together. | ||
| The building blocks of Polymers. | ||
| A reaction that removes a molecule of water. | ||
| A chemical process in which polymers are broken down by adding water molecules to the bonds linking their monomers; essential part of digestion. | ||
| Specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells. | ||
| The simplest Carbohydrate. Single-unit sugars. | ||
| A sugar molecule consisting of two monosaccharides linked together by a dehydration reaction. | ||
| Polymers of monosaccharides linked together by dehydration reactions. | ||
| A storage polysaccharide in plants, consists entirely of glucose monomers. | ||
| Polysaccharide that stores glucose in animals. Stored in liver and muscle cells. | ||
| A polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers. | ||
| Complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of fungi;also found in the external skeletons of arthropods. | ||
| Fats, large, nonpolar organic molecules. | ||
| Water-fearing. Referring to nonpolar molecules that do not dissolve in water. | ||
| Large lipid made from Glycerol and Fatty acids. Fat aka Triglyceride. | ||
| Having less than the maximum number of Hydrogens. | ||
| Fats with the maximum number of Hydrogens are said to be saturated. | ||
| Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings. | ||
| Synthetic variants of the male hormone testosterone. | ||
| Have an amino group and a carboxyl group. Building blocks of Protein. | ||
| A polymer constructed from amino acid monomers. | ||
| Covalent bond formed between amino acids. | ||
| A polymer of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. | ||
| Polypeptide chains unravel, losing their specific shape and, as a result, their function. | ||
| The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. | ||
| The second level of protein structure; parts of the polypeptide coil or fold into local patterns called secondary structure. | ||
| Coiling of a polypeptide chain results in this kind of secondary structure. | ||
| A certain kind of folding found in the coiling of a polypeptide chain. | ||
| The third level of protein structure. Overall 3D shape of a polypeptide. | ||
| The fourth level of protein structure. 2 or more polypeptide chains form a functional protein. | ||
| Ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins. | ||
| Monomers that make up nucleic acids. | ||
| Shape of a DNA. Two polynucleotides wrap around each other. | ||
| An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons. Thus, acquiring a charge. |
