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| 3865288376 | what does osmoregulation do? | controls solute concentrations and balances water gain and loss | 0 | |
| 3865290982 | what is the driving force for movement of solutes and water? | a concentration gradient of one or more solutes across the plasma membrane | 1 | |
| 3865292804 | Osmolarity | the solute concentration of a solution | 2 | |
| 3865295167 | what determines the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane? | osmolarity | 3 | |
| 3880956018 | Osmoconformers | isoosmotic with their surroundings and do not regulate their osmolarity | 4 | |
| 3880958629 | Osmoregulators | expend energy to control water uptake and loss in a hyperosmotic or hypoosmotic environment | 5 | |
| 3880965868 | Most marine invertebrates are | Osmoconformers | 6 | |
| 3880970777 | Marine bony fishes are | hypoosmotic to seawater | 7 | |
| 3880973592 | how do bony fishes, such as cod, balance being hypoosmotic with water loss? | drinking large amounts of seawater and eliminating ingested salts through their gills and kidneys by specialized chloride cells | 8 | |
| 3880984199 | most animals are | Osmoregulators | 9 | |
| 3880992159 | how do freshwater animals maintain water balance? | drinking almost no water and excreting large amounts of dilute urine | 10 | |
| 3881036973 | how do terrestrial animals help prevent dehydration? | Body coverings | 11 | |
| 3881036974 | how do land animals maintain water balance? | eating moist food and producing water metabolically through cellular respiration | 12 | |
| 3881036975 | desert animal adaptations for saving water | simple anatomical features and behaviors such as a nocturnal lifestyle | 13 | |
| 3881040728 | is osmoregulation active or passive? | active --> requires energy to maintain osmotic gradients | 14 | |
| 3881047606 | what do excretory systems do? | regulate solute concentration between internal fluids and the external environment | 15 | |
| 3881056420 | urine is produced by...? | refining a filtrate derived from body fluids | 16 | |
| 3881056421 | Filtration | Filtering of body fluids | 17 | |
| 3881062144 | secretion | Adding nonessential solutes and wastes to the filtrate | 18 | |
| 3881062145 | excretion | Processed filtrate containing nitrogenous wastes is released from the body | 19 | |
| 3881063908 | selective reabsorption | excretory system choosing what materials to keep and what to excrete; keep valuable solutes | 20 | |
| 3881065894 | urine fluid starts as...? | blood | 21 | |
| 3881084030 | excretory organs of vertebrates | kidneys | 22 | |
| 3881088948 | type of pressure involved with osmoregulation and excretion | hydrostatic pressure | 23 | |
| 3881097391 | Kidney supplied with blood by ...? | renal artery | 24 | |
| 3881100159 | 2 regions of the mammal kidney | renal cortex and renal medulla | 25 | |
| 3881102400 | nephron | functional unit of the kidney | 26 | |
| 3881105124 | Each nephron made up of | a long tubule and ball of capillaries called the glomerulus | 27 | |
| 3881108429 | Bowman's capsule | cup-shaped swelling called at the end of the kidney tubule | 28 | |
| 3881114963 | what forces filtration? | blood pressure | 29 | |
| 3881119004 | filtration starts as | fluid from the blood in the glomerulus goes into the lumen of Bowman's capsule | 30 | |
| 3881121969 | collecting ducts in the nephron empty accumulated filtrate (waste) into | the renal pelvis, which is drained by the ureter | 31 | |
| 3881125251 | Urine exits each kidney through | the ureter | 32 | |
| 3881128981 | ureters drain into | the urinary bladder | 33 | |
| 3881182169 | what manages the osmoregulatory functions of the mammalian kidney? | nervous and hormonal controls | 34 | |
| 3881188606 | osmoregulatory function of the kidney contribute to...? | blood pressure and blood volume | 35 | |
| 3881193179 | ADH | Antidiuretic hormone | 36 | |
| 3881198575 | what monitors blood osmolarity and regulates release of ADH? | Osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus | 37 | |
| 3881203818 | ADH is released from...? | the posterior pituitary gland | 38 | |
| 3881209945 | what does ADH released into the blood stream increase? | When osmolarity rises above its set point | 39 | |
| 3881214851 | effect of increased ADH in blood stream | reduces urine volume and lowers blood osmolarity | 40 | |
| 3881218264 | what does a diuretic do? | inhibits the release of ADH (resulting in increased urination) | 41 | |
| 3881223074 | example of a diuretic? | alcohol | 42 | |
| 3881224926 | Mutation in ADH production causes | severe dehydration and diabetes insipidus | 43 | |
| 3881259877 | normal osmolarity of humans | 300 | 44 |
